A memory device includes a plurality of data input/output (I/O) groups each including data I/O circuits, each data I/O circuit comprising a transistor having a predetermined threshold voltage according to a bulk voltage supplied to a bulk terminal thereof; a control circuit suitable for generating a control signal according to a data I/O mode; and a plurality of voltage supply circuits suitable for independently supplying bulk voltages to the plurality of data I/O groups, and changing, in response to the control signal, a level of a bulk voltage corresponding to data I/O groups unused in the data I/O mode, among the plurality of data I/O groups.

An apparatus includes a voltage regulator coupled with a first voltage source, which supplies core memory circuitry. A first transistor is coupled between an output of the voltage regulator and input/output (I/O) circuitry. A second transistor is coupled between a second voltage source and the I/O circuitry, the second voltage source to power a set of I/O buffers. Control logic coupled with gates of the first and second transistors is to perform operations including: causing the second transistor to be activated to permit current to flow from the second voltage source to the I/O circuitry; in response to detecting a current draw from the I/O circuitry that satisfies a first threshold criterion, causing the first transistor to be activated; and causing the second transistor to be deactivated over a time interval during which the I/O circuitry is powered by the first voltage source and the second voltage source.

A memory controller includes a first receiver configured to compare a read reference voltage with a piece of data received through a first data line and output a first piece of data; a first duty adjuster configured to adjust a duty of the first piece of data; a second receiver configured to compare the read reference voltage with a piece of data received through a second data line and output a second piece of data; a second duty adjuster configured to adjust a duty of the second piece of data; and a training circuit configured to perform a training operation on pieces of data received through a plurality of data lines, to obtain a target read reference voltage for each piece of data and correct a duty of each piece of data based on a level of the target read reference voltage for each piece of data.

A signal generator includes a first amplifier for outputting an amplified voltage in response to a reference voltage and a feedback voltage, a divider circuit for dividing the amplified voltage to generate a divided voltage and the feedback voltage, and a buffer group for outputting a common sensing signal in response to the amplified voltage and outputting a sensing signal in response to the divided voltage, and a memory device including the signal generator.

A circuit for signal transmission, memory, and method for signal transmission are provided. The circuit includes: a signal processing circuit, configured to receive an input first signal, obtain a second signal by processing the first signal in a preset processing manner, and take the second signal as an output signal of the signal processing circuit; and a selection circuit, configured to receive the input first signal, the second signal and a control signal, and take the first signal or the second signal as an output signal of the selection circuit according to the control signal.

A comparison circuit includes a reference adjustment module, a signal receiving module, and a control module. The reference adjustment module is configured to receive a first reference signal and output a second reference signal. The reference adjustment module is further configured to receive an adjustment signal, and unidirectionally adjust the equivalent coefficient within a preset value interval when the adjustment signal is received. The signal receiving module is configured to receive the second reference signal and an external signal. The second reference signal after experiencing a mismatch of the signal receiving module is equivalent to a third reference signal. The control module is configured to: receive an enable signal and the comparison signal; and during a period of continuously receiving the enable signal, when the comparison signal jumps, terminate the output of the adjustment signal.

A memory device includes a driver that drives a data line connected with an external device, an internal ZQ manager that generates an internal ZQ start signal, a selector that selects one of the internal ZQ start signal and a ZQ start command from the external device, based on a ZQ mode, a ZQ calibration engine that generates a ZQ code by performing ZQ calibration in response to a selection result of the selector, and a ZQ code register that loads the ZQ code onto the driver in response to a ZQ calibration command from the external device.

A signal generator includes a first amplifier for outputting an amplified voltage in response to a reference voltage and a feedback voltage, a divider circuit for dividing the amplified voltage to generate a divided voltage and the feedback voltage, and a buffer group for outputting a common sensing signal in response to the amplified voltage and outputting a sensing signal in response to the divided voltage, and a memory device including the signal generator.

Methods, systems, and devices for masked training and analysis with a memory array are described. A memory device may operate in a first mode in which a maximum transition avoidance (MTA) decoder for a memory array of the memory device is disabled. During the first mode, the memory device may couple an input node of the MTA decoder with a first output node of a first decoder, such as a first pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) decoder. The memory device may operate in a second mode in which the MTA decoder for the memory array is enabled. During the second mode, the memory device may couple the input node of the MTA decoder with a second output node of a second decoder, such as a second PAM decoder.

A memory according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be included in a combined processing apparatus which may include a computing device, a general interconnection interface, and another processing device. The computing device interacts with the other processing device to jointly complete a computing operation specified by a user. A storage device is respectively connected to the computing device and the other processing device, and is configured to store data of the computing device and the other processing device. The solution of the present disclosure can be widely applied to various data storage fields.