Disclosed is a liquid-phase oxidative decomposition method for radioactively contaminated carbonaceous material, providing a method of oxidizing carbon into a gas in liquid phase to treat radioactively contaminated carbonaceous material. The method comprises the following steps: ball milling a mixture of a molybdenum-containing substance and a carbonaceous material, thermally treating the ball milled mixture, and performing liquid-phase oxidation of the thermally treated mixture. The thermal treatment causes carbon to enter space between molybdenum atoms so as to reduce the particle size of carbon and improve the chemical reactivity of carbon, and an oxidant is then used to oxidize the carbon in the space between molybdenum atoms into a gas in liquid phase, while the molybdenum-containing moiety is converted into a water-soluble substance. The method of has technical effects of mild reaction conditions, low energy consumption, high operation safety, and facilitates the recovery of elements attached to carbonaceous material.

Disclosed is a liquid-phase oxidative decomposition method for radioactively contaminated carbonaceous material, providing a method of oxidizing carbon into a gas in liquid phase to treat radioactively contaminated carbonaceous material. The method comprises the following steps: ball milling a mixture of a molybdenum-containing substance and a carbonaceous material, thermally treating the ball milled mixture, and performing liquid-phase oxidation of the thermally treated mixture. The thermal treatment causes carbon to enter space between molybdenum atoms so as to reduce the particle size of carbon and improve the chemical reactivity of carbon, and an oxidant is then used to oxidize the carbon in the space between molybdenum atoms into a gas in liquid phase, while the molybdenum-containing moiety is converted into a water-soluble substance. The method of has technical effects of mild reaction conditions, low energy consumption, high operation safety, and facilitates the recovery of elements attached to carbonaceous material.

There is disclosed a vertical vibratory thermal treatment system, comprising a heating section for thermally treating material, a retort section that is located within or connected to the heating section and includes at least one elevator system for vertically moving the material to the heating section. The disclosed elevator system is isolated from other parts of the thermal treatment section by an enclosure thereby allowing for flexibility and simplicity in the design of the retort section. There is also disclosed a method of treating materials, including hazardous or radioactive materials, such as a powder, sand, granule, gravel, agglomerate or other form of particle or combinations thereof, using the system described herein.

There is disclosed a vertical vibratory thermal treatment system, comprising a heating section for thermally treating material, a retort section that is located within or connected to the heating section and includes at least one elevator system for vertically moving the material to the heating section. The disclosed elevator system is isolated from other parts of the thermal treatment section by an enclosure thereby allowing for flexibility and simplicity in the design of the retort section. There is also disclosed a method of treating materials, including hazardous or radioactive materials, such as a powder, sand, granule, gravel, agglomerate or other form of particle or combinations thereof, using the system described herein.

Provided is a method for disposing radioactive waste. The method may include a first step in which pre-treatment waste is placed inside a pyrolytic reactor, a second step in which the pre-treatment waste is thermally disintegrated by pyrolysis into treated waste, a third step in which the solid phase is stored according to known radioactive waste storage procedures and a fourth step in which the gaseous phase) is expelled into the outside environment.

Provided is a method for disposing radioactive waste. The method may include a first step in which pre-treatment waste is placed inside a pyrolytic reactor, a second step in which the pre-treatment waste is thermally disintegrated by pyrolysis into treated waste, a third step in which the solid phase is stored according to known radioactive waste storage procedures and a fourth step in which the gaseous phase) is expelled into the outside environment.

A method for thermal volume reduction of waste material contaminated with radionuclides includes feeding the waste material into a fluidized bed reactor, injecting fluidizing gas into the fluidized bed reactor to fluidize bed media in the fluidized bed reactor, and decomposing the waste material in the fluidized bed reactor. A system for thermal volume reduction of the waste material includes one or more of a feedstock preparation and handling system, a fluidized bed reactor system, a solids separation system, and an off-gas treatment system. The method and system may be used to effectively reduce the volume or radioactive wastes generated from the operation of nuclear facilities such as nuclear power plants including wastes such as spent ion exchange resin, spent granular activated carbon, and dry active waste. The majority of the organic content in the waste material is converted into carbon dioxide and steam and the solids, including the radionuclides, are converted into a waterless stable final product that is suitable for disposal or long-term storage.

Provided is an ion exchange resin volume reduction apparatus in which the ignition of plasma is facilitated and the plasma is prevented from extinguishing. A volume reduction apparatus according to aspects of the present invention includes a stage carrying thereon a resin to be treated, a CCP power source, and an ICP power source. The volume reduction apparatus according to a certain aspect of the present invention is provided with a supply mechanism, and the CCP power source continues operating when the resin to be treated is supplied in a depressurized state to a vacuum vessel. In the volume reduction apparatus according to a certain aspect of the present invention, the CCP power source continues operating when a gas condition under which gas is supplied into the vacuum vessel is changed.

Provided is an ion exchange resin volume reduction apparatus in which the ignition of plasma is facilitated and the plasma is prevented from extinguishing. A volume reduction apparatus according to aspects of the present invention includes a stage carrying thereon a resin to be treated, a CCP power source, and an ICP power source. The volume reduction apparatus according to a certain aspect of the present invention is provided with a supply mechanism, and the CCP power source continues operating when the resin to be treated is supplied in a depressurized state to a vacuum vessel. In the volume reduction apparatus according to a certain aspect of the present invention, the CCP power source continues operating when a gas condition under which gas is supplied into the vacuum vessel is changed.

The invention provides a system for pyrolysing organic waste. The system comprises a conical housing (4) configured to temporarily, substantially hermetically, enclose the waste and a mixing device provided with a drive shaft rotatably mounted relative to the housing and a conical mixing body (25) configured inside the housing to fluidise the waste, which mixing body fixedly attached substantially does not touch the housing. The system further comprises heating means (24) for heating the side wall of the housing. This system makes it possible to carry out the processing of organic waste in a batch process. The mixing body prevents a portion of the waste from sticking together by fluidising the waste and keeping it fluidised, whereby the heat generated by the heating means can gradually spread through the waste inside the housing.