A gas analyzer for a gas mixture with at least three components includes a channel guiding the gas mixture, a thermoelement probe with a measuring point in the interior of the channel and a cold junction in thermal contact with the channel wall, a control device for pulsed activation of the thermoelement probe, a measuring device for measuring voltage at the cold junction in pauses between current pulses, and an evaluation device for determining temperature differences and calculating the ratio of the components of the gas mixture from temperature difference values determined at different time instant pauses, wherein the control device generates current pulses with at least two different energy contents and the temperature difference values at the first time instant in the pause after a current pulse with a higher energy content and used for the calculation is higher than with a current pulse with a lower energy content.

A high-resolution thermopile infrared sensor array having monolithically integrated signal processing and a plurality of parallel signal processing channels for the signals from pixels of a sensor array, and a digital port for the serial output of the pixel signals are provided, wherein the sensor array is located on one or more sensor chips. The thermal piled infrared sensor array possesses low power loss, high integration density and high thermal and geometric resolution. Each signal processing channel (K.sub.1 . . . K.sub.N) has at least one analogue/digital converter (ADC), and is assigned a memory region in a memory (RAM) for storing the signals from the pixels (SE).

The flow rate measuring apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention is a flow rate measuring apparatus that intermittently measures the flow rate of a fluid, comprising a heating unit for heating the fluid; a control unit that controls a drive voltage for driving the heating unit, or the interval at which the drive voltage is applied, to the desired value; a temperature sensing unit that senses information about the temperature of the heated fluid; and a flow rate measurement unit that measures the flow rate of the fluid on the basis of the sensing signal outputted from the temperature sensing unit, wherein, in intermittently measuring the flow rate, the control unit varies the heating amount of the heating unit in each measurement by varying the interval at which the drive voltage is applied.

A method for measuring a flow of a fluid in a tube includes heating the fluid in the tube with a heating element. A first signal is measured with a first temperature sensing element at a first location. A second signal is measured with a second temperature sensing element at a second location. At least one temperature signal is calculated based on the first signal and the second signal. The at least one temperature signal includes a difference temperature signal and a sum temperature signal. The difference temperature signal is calculated based on a difference between the second signal and the first signal. The sum temperature signal is calculated based on a sum of the second signal and the first signal. The flow is derived based on the difference temperature signal, the sum temperature signal, or a combination thereof.

A gas meter comprises a filter device having a filter for removing dust from gas that has flowed in from an inflow opening on the upstream side of a flow measurement module. The filter is disposed as to cover the inlet opening, and at least of a portion of the filter forms a plurality of filter partitions disposed spaced apart from one another toward the downstream side. At least two of the filter partitions have openings at different positions toward the downstream side.

A system, a method, a device and a computer program are provided for detecting and monitoring medium flow. The device comprises a flow sensor (350) that includes a thermopile (352), wherein the thermopile (352) may include a first thermocouple and a second thermocouple. The device can further comprise a microcontroller (340) that can be configured to generate a reference baseline and can further be configured to compare an output of the mass airflow sensor to the reference baseline (503). The heater element may comprise a heater resistor.

The present disclosure relate to a controller system and method for use in storage-style water heating systems that offers significant opportunities for energy saving. The controller system can adjust the water heating system in response to energy demand patterns of user fixtures. The controller system can detect quantity of heated water usage and produce a heated water usage profile. The controller system can determine the quantity or volume of the used heated water without a mechanical flow meter. The controller system can include a cost-effective, accurate, and easy-to-install water temperature sensors that provide measurements of the differentials between water temperatures without direct contact with the water. The water temperature sensors can be cost-effective and easy-to-install sensors that are attached to the water pipes through a strap or other attachment methods.

The present disclosure relates to a method for producing a probe of a thermal flow meter for measuring the mass flow rate of a medium in a measuring tube, the method having the following steps: introducing a probe core in the form of a material to be melted into a first probe casing, the first probe casing having an open first end and a closed second end facing away from the first end; melting the probe core; quenching the probe core to a temperature below the solidification temperature; attaching a thermoelement to a contact surface of the solidified probe core. The invention also relates to a probe obtained according to the production method and to a flow meter including the probes according to the present disclosure.

A detection device for detecting characteristics of a mixed fluid containing different types of substances with different thermal properties within a prescribed range, includes: one or a plurality of heaters for heating the mixed fluid; a plurality of temperature detectors for detecting the temperature of the mixed fluid heated; a flow rate calculation unit for calculating the flow rate of the mixed fluid using the output from at least a portion of the plurality of temperature detectors; a correspondence relation storage unit that stores the correspondence relation between the output from the temperature detectors for a prescribed flow rate and the mixture ratio of the substances in the mixed fluid; and a mixture ratio calculation unit for calculating the mixture ratio of the substances in the mixed fluid on the basis of the output from the temperature detectors and the correspondence relation.

A thermoresistive micro sensor device includes a semiconductor chip; a through hole, which runs through the semiconductor chip from an upper side to a lower side; electrically conductive structures, wherein the middle section of each of the electrically conductive structures spans over the through hole at the upper side of the semiconductor chip; an electrically insulating arrangement for electrically insulating the electrically conductive structures and the semiconductor chip from each other, wherein the through hole runs through the electrically insulating arrangement; and a contact arrangement including contacts, wherein each of the contacts is electrically connected to one of the first end sections or one of the second end sections, so that electrical energy is fed to at least one of the electrically conductive structures to heat the respective electrically conductive structure, and so that an electrical resistance of one of the electrically conductive structures is measured at the contact arrangement.