Disclosed herein is a sensor assembly capable of detecting moisture introduced into a rack housing. The sensor assembly includes a housing, an angle sensor provided in the housing, and a moisture sensor provided in the housing. The moisture sensor includes a ground electrode, a first input electrode, a second input electrode, and a control unit electrically connected to the ground electrode, the first input electrode, and the second input electrode to detect moisture. The ground electrode, the first input electrode, and the second input electrode extend downward from the housing. A lower end of the ground electrode, a lower end of the first input electrode, and a lower end of the second input electrode are exposed to the outside of the housing. Further, the first input electrode extends downward to a different level compared to the second input electrode.

A sensing structure in an example may include at least three electrodes along an interior surface of a reservoir from a top portion of the reservoir to a bottom portion of the reservoir wherein at least one of the electrodes is closer to at least another electrode at the top portion of the reservoir than at the bottom portion of the reservoir.

An example printing cartridge includes a fluid container, a sensing die including a plurality of sensing locations in thermal contact with the fluid container, and a voltage comparator to output time-based information by comparing a sensed voltage generated at a selected sensing location of the plurality of sensing locations to a threshold voltage, the time-based information representative of whether a fluid is present at the sensing location.

A method for determining a volume of fluid dispensed into a test housing includes creating an electrical potential across at least one input electrode of a plurality of input electrodes and at least one output electrode of a plurality of output electrodes. The input electrodes and the output electrodes are each coupled to the test housing. The method includes receiving at least one signal from the at least one output electrode based on the fluid dispensed into the test housing. The method includes calculating the volume of fluid dispensed into the test housing based on the at least one signal received from the at least one output electrode, a dimension associated with an internal channel defined within the test housing, and a distance between two input electrodes of the plurality of input electrodes.

A method for determining a volume of fluid dispensed into a test housing includes creating an electrical potential across at least one input electrode of a plurality of input electrodes and at least one output electrode of a plurality of output electrodes. The input electrodes and the output electrodes are each coupled to the test housing. The method includes receiving at least one signal from the at least one output electrode based on the fluid dispensed into the test housing. The method includes calculating the volume of fluid dispensed into the test housing based on the at least one signal received from the at least one output electrode, a dimension associated with an internal channel defined within the test housing, and a distance between two input electrodes of the plurality of input electrodes.

A toner amount detector detects an amount of toner in a toner bottle. The toner amount detector includes at least one pair of electrodes disposed opposite each other via the toner bottle, grounding members disposed outboard of the at least one pair of electrodes and electrically grounded, circuitry to switch a first detection processing and a second detection processing, and an indicator to indicate that a positional deviation of the at least one pair of electrodes has occurred. The grounding members face the at least one pair of electrodes. The first detection processing detects the amount of toner based on a first capacitance between the at least one pair of electrodes, and the second detection processing detects a positional deviation based on a second capacitance between each of the grounding members and a corresponding one of the at least one pair of electrodes.

A fluid level detection apparatus for sensing a fluid level of a liquid in within a container, the apparatus including electrically conductive first and second members each having proximal and distal end portions both in an initial circuit state. Also included in the apparatus is control circuitry that is operative to monitor the first and second proximal end portions to produce a primary perceptible output in response to the first and second distal end portions forming an auxiliary circuit state from the initial circuit state, wherein operationally the first and second distal end portions are disposed within the container moving from the initial circuit state to the auxiliary circuit state with a presence of the liquid in the container with the liquid in contact with the first and second distal end portions to ultimately indicate a primary liquid level resulting in the primary perceptible output.

An electrochemical sensor device to measure the level of the interface between the pulp and froth in a flotation process is disclosed, as is a related system and method. The device may be used relative to flotation of minerals, and comprises a sensor rod and a housing, wherein the sensor rod is the element inserted into the interior of a flotation cell and/or column, formed by a central carrier, made of electrically insulating material, onto which conducting electrodes are fixed, in the form of rings, arranged alternately with insulating rings, wherein said electrodes are connected to an electrical conductor that extracts the signals from each electrode. Each conducting ring represents a measurement level.

A system includes a container having an inner chamber for storing fluid, at least one measuring probe arranged within the chamber and one ground probe arranged within or near a bottom of the chamber. There is at least one impedance electrically connected with a processor which is electrically connected with the at least one measuring probe. A signal generator has a first voltage terminal electrically connected with the at least one impedance and a second voltage terminal electrically connected with the ground probe. When a signal is sent from the signal generator to the measuring probe, an electrochemical reaction occurs at the measuring probe and ground probe and stores a charge if the measuring probe and/or ground probe are immersed in fluid. The processor measures the voltage, current and power of the signal to calculate the resistance and capacitance of the fluid within the container to determine the level of fluid in the container. A method for measuring the level of fluid in the container includes the steps of applying at least one time-varying voltage signal to the one or more measuring probes, creating an electrochemical reaction between the ground probe and each measuring probe, storing energy around each probe that is submerged in fluid, measuring the current and power of the signals, and determining the level of fluid in the container based on the calculated capacitance and resistance of the fluid within the container.

A sensor adapter for a device for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable of a medium in a container with a measuring probe, comprising: at least one adapter measuring probe with at least one adapter electrode, an adapter housing with structure for detachably fastening the sensor adapter on the device, and a contacting unit for the electrical contact of at least one electrode of the device with at least one adapter electrode of the sensor adapter.