A resistive microelectronic fluid sensor implemented as an integrated voltage divider circuit can sense the presence of a fluid within a fluid reservoir, identify the fluid, and monitor fluid temperature or volume. Such a sensor has biomedical, industrial, and consumer product applications. After fluid detection, the fluid can be expelled from the reservoir and replenished with a fresh supply of fluid. A depression at the bottom of the sample reservoir allows a residual fluid to remain undetected so as not to skew the measurements. Electrodes can sense variations in the resistivity of the fluid, indicating a change in the fluid chemical composition, volume, or temperature. Such fluctuations that can be electrically sensed by the voltage divider circuit can be used as a thermal actuator to trigger ejection of all or part of the fluid sample.

An intrinsically safe circuit includes energy input ports and energy output ports, and a first power line and a second power line connected in parallel between the energy input ports and energy output ports. The power lines are configured to deliver energy from the energy input ports to the energy output ports. The circuit can also include signal input ports and signal output ports, and a first signal line and a second signal line connected in parallel between the signal input ports and signal output ports. The signal lines are configured to deliver signals between the signal input ports and signal output ports. The circuit can also include a voltage clamping unit connected between the first power line, the second power line, the first signal line, and the second signal line. The circuit can also include a current limiting unit.

A resistive microelectronic fluid sensor implemented as an integrated voltage divider circuit can sense the presence of a fluid within a fluid reservoir, identify the fluid, and monitor fluid temperature or volume. Such a sensor has biomedical, industrial, and consumer product applications. After fluid detection, the fluid can be expelled from the reservoir and replenished with a fresh supply of fluid. A depression at the bottom of the sample reservoir allows a residual fluid to remain undetected so as not to skew the measurements. Electrodes can sense variations in the resistivity of the fluid, indicating a change in the fluid chemical composition, volume, or temperature. Such fluctuations that can be electrically sensed by the voltage divider circuit can be used as a thermal actuator to trigger ejection of all or part of the fluid sample.

A dual-use level and temperature probe includes a stem configured to contact liquid, at least one sensor coupled to the stem, and a controller in signal communication with the sensor. The sensor includes an input terminal configured to receive electrical current and an output terminal configured to provide a return path for the electrical current. The controller is configured to deliver the input current to the input terminal and configured to monitor a voltage across the input and output terminals. The controller is configured to perform both a liquid level measurement and a temperature measurement based on the voltage.

Disclosed is a mechatronic chassis device (6) for a motor vehicle comprises a housing (7) and at least one functional element (11) in the housing (7). The device is characterized by means (14) for recognizing the ingress of a liquid medium into the housing (7).

A liquid reservoir includes at least one liquid surface level detection unit in the liquid reservoir. The at least one liquid surface level detection unit includes a plurality of liquid surface level detection units. The plurality of liquid surface level detection units each include a plurality of self-heating sensors. The plurality of self-heating sensors are positioned at different heights.

A liquid level detection system for determining a liquid level includes a level sensor configured to be at least partially disposed in a liquid storage vessel and exposed to liquid. A first optoelectronic interface is operatively connected to the level sensor for providing power thereto. A second optoelectronic interface is operatively connected to the first optoelectronic interface. A fiber optic cable optically connects the first optoelectronic interface to the second optoelectronic interface to provide photonic power to the first optoelectronic interface and to transmit data from the first optoelectronic interface to the second optoelectronic interface.

A field device electronics for a conductive, limit-level switch, with a conductive probe and a measuring circuit including a control/evaluation circuit. The measuring circuit, a measuring bridge circuit is present, with at least one coupling capacitor (C2) being present for the DC voltage separation of the probe from the measuring circuit, and with the at least one coupling capacitor (C2) being integrated into the measuring bridge circuit.

This application addresses a wireless system for the determination of the height of liquid or molten metal levels containing metal, shaft, matte or slag in smelting furnace. Specifically, it addresses a wireless system that allows, without the presence of cables, the sending and receiving of a signal outside of the smelting furnace, in order to determine, on-line, the height of the phases, including the height of the slag-matte interface and the total level of the bath.

A device for measuring the level in a reservoir of an inkjet printer, comprising: an electrode, which has a first end and an second end, and which is covered from the first end up to an intermediate level between the first end and the second end, with an electrically insulating coating, where the electrode has capacitive behaviour for a level of liquid between the first end and the intermediate level, and resistive behaviour beyond this, circuit for measuring a signal which is characteristic of capacitive behaviour of the device, for a liquid level between the first end and the intermediate level, and for identifying resistive behaviour of the device for a level of the liquid above the intermediate level, circuit for estimating or calculating, from the characteristic signal, a height of the liquid contained in the reservoir, for a liquid level between the first end and the intermediate level.