In one aspect the present disclosure relates to a sensor for measuring at least one physical or chemical parameter of a cartridge filled with a liquid substance. In a further aspect the disclosure relates to a drug delivery device equipped with such a sensor, wherein the sensor includes a planar flexible foil having a first section and having a second section separated from the first section, at least one measurement electrode located on the flexible foil, wherein the flexible foil is wrappable into a wrapped configuration in which the foil forms at least a first wrap with an inner diameter that is equal to or larger than an outer diameter of the cartridge, wherein in the wrapped configuration the first section and the second section at least partially overlap, at least one fastener located in one of the first and second section and configured to attach to the other one of the first and second sections for keeping the flexible foil in the wrapped configuration.

A device for monitoring a liquid level of a liquid storage tank for a vehicle is capable of improving sensing sensitivity of a liquid level sensor by employing a structure capable of amplifying an electromotive force, which is generated by an electrode, at an electromotive force amplification layer including a carbon micro coil (CMC) and accurately sensing a frozen state of a liquid to perform a heating function so as to resolve the frozen state of the liquid.

A feature amount extraction unit outputs, as a data series, a feature amount of time-series data of an oscillation frequency of an AC signal of an oscillation circuit until a certain time elapses from when a dispensing probe starts to be lowered. Then, a bubble contact determination processing unit determines whether a liquid level has been normally detected based on a correlation between a waveform of the data series of the feature amount and an abnormal waveform model. Further, based on a determination result, a second controller determines a deviation between a tip portion of the dispensing probe and the liquid level in a container and a factor of the deviation.

Methods and systems for sensing a fluid level associated with an engine are described. The method comprises generating an input signal and applying the input signal to a resistive portion and a capacitive portion of a fluid level sensing device, measuring a first varying output of the resistive portion of the fluid level sensing device through a first channel of a controller of the engine, measuring a second varying output of the capacitive portion of the fluid level sensing device through a second channel of the controller of the engine, and translating at least one of the first varying output and the second varying output into a level of fluid and outputting the level of fluid.

The present invention comprises a novel foldable and intrinsically safe plate capacitive sensor to measure liquid depths, solids in liquid depths, and two different liquids depths. This invention is used in onsite wastewater management systems (OWTS) to monitor depths of solids, oil, and effluent in a wastewater tank. The plates are configured to allow for solids, liquids and gases to surround the plates. A number of plates are hung in series from near the OWTS tank lid to at least 18 inches below the output baffle to measure the different materials at different depths in the OWTS tank. The capacitive sensors are capable of use with various materials to measure solids, oil, and effluent depths in an OWTS tank.

A fluid level detector is provided, which has a transmitter, a receiver, and a sensing zone adjacent the transmitter and receiver. The transmitter and receiver are arranged such that when an electric field forms between the transmitter and receiver, a fringe electric field extends from the transmitter into the sensing zone. The transmitter and receiver are both on a same side of the sensing zone, and a fluid located at the sensing zone changes a measured capacitance at the transmitter and receiver system.

Systems and methods for non-contact sensing of the level of process fluid within a hygienic bubble trap are contemplated. In particular, it is contemplated that through the use of one or more capacitance probes having their sensor tips placed adjacent to the vessel wall of a hygienic bubble trap, ideally perpendicularly thereto, the fluid level of the process fluid within the hygienic bubble trap may be measured via the circuit of the capacitance probe detecting variances in the electrical field which extends through the vessel wall, as a result of changes in the dielectric as the process fluid rises and falls. In this fashion, the probe is not wetted and is never placed into physical contact with the process fluid, and thus does not need to undergo any clean-in-place or sterilize-in-place processes, greatly simplifying ease of use.

In example implementations, a powder level sensor is provided. The powder level sensor includes a capacitive sensor, a processor, and a cleaning mechanism. The processor is communicatively coupled to the capacitive sensor. The processor interprets a measurement of the capacitive sensor to detect a layer of residual build material on a surface of the powder level sensor. The cleaning mechanism may be communicatively coupled to the processor. The processor activates the cleaning mechanism to remove the layer of residual build material on the surface of the powder level sensor.

A method of controlling an electronic aerosol provision system including a capacitor formed by a first electrode, a second electrode and a dielectric between the first electrode and second electrode, a sensor for sensing an electrical characteristic of the capacitor, and a control unit, wherein at least a portion of the dielectric is provided in a cavity between the first electrode and the second electrode, the method including causing power to be supplied to the capacitor; identifying the onset of power to the capacitor to the capacitor as a first time; and measuring an electrical characteristic of the capacitor at a second time.

A fluid level sensor is disclosed. The fluid level sensor has a frame which includes a hollow coupling component that attaches to a fluid drain of a gear case of a locomotive. A lug is insertable into the hollow coupling component that has a first connection end, and an elongated flexible sensor blade is attached to the lug. The flexible sensor blade is inserted into the gear case and used to measure a fluid level of a fluid in the gear case. The fluid level sensor also has a connector having a second connection end attached to the first connection end and a third connection end. A cover is attached to the frame, and the cover has a fourth connection end inside of an aperture of the cover, and the fourth connection end is attached to the third connection end.