Provided is a liquid sensor or the like that is relatively easy to manufacture. The liquid sensor includes a light emitting element, an optical waveguide, a light receiving element, and a detection circuit. The optical waveguide includes a first pillar portion, a first metal plate, a second pillar portion, and a second metal plate. The first metal plate is embedded in the first pillar portion. The second pillar portion is provided at a position opposing the first pillar portion. The second metal plate is embedded in the second pillar portion. A space for liquid is formed between the first pillar portion and the second pillar portion. The first pillar portion includes a first end surface that faces the light emitting element. The first metal plate includes a first reflecting portion that is tilted relative to the first end surface and reflects light toward the second pillar portion. The second pillar portion includes a second end surface that faces the light receiving element. The second metal plate includes a second reflecting portion that is tilted relative to the second end surface and reflects the light from the first metal plate toward the light receiving element.

A smart hydration reservoir includes a flexible sensor which can be attached to the outer surface of any kind of the hydration reservoir and monitor changes of capacitive data of the hydration reservoir while user drinks the liquid which makes changes of the liquid level. The capacitive data is inputted into the controller; the controller will calculate the liquid level and then send out the information of the liquid level to the hand held device, such as specified display or mobile phone. Thus, the user can easily notice the liquid level of the hydration reservoir. The whole hydration detecting assembly can be easily installed to any hydration reservoir bought from the market.

Method and device for controlling the quantity of liquid contained in a cartridge for an aerosol generating device, wherein the cartridge has a container and a liquid contained in the container and wherein, according to which is measured the quantity of liquid contained in the cartridge; and compared the quantity of liquid with a reference quantity of liquid.

The invention relates to a sensor device and a method for detecting properties of a liquid. The liquid is accommodated in an inner chamber 14. A capacitor arrangement 22, 26 in the inner chamber has spaced, opposing capacitor surfaces 24a, 24b, 28a, 28b so that at least part of the liquid accommodated in the inner chamber 14 is arranged between the capacitor surfaces 24a, 24b, 28a, 28b. An evaluation device 30 for supplying an output signal A depending on a capacitance value C1, C2 of the capacitor arrangement 22, 24 comprises an excitation circuit 32 and an evaluation circuit 34. The excitation circuit 32 has at least one measuring resistor R1, R2, R1a, R1b and means for applying an AC voltage to a series circuit consisting of the measurement resistor R1, R2, R1a, R1b and the capacitor arrangement 22, 24. The evaluation circuit 30 has means for supplying the output signal A by measuring a voltage U1, U2 across the capacitor arrangement 22, 24.

Methods and systems for monitoring fluid levels and electrolyte levels used in a dialysis machine. A receptacle, configured to receive a container, comprises a plurality of curved side panels and a base to form a cylindrical shaped cavity for receiving a container. Each panel includes a conductive material on its inner surface and, optionally, a shielding on its outer surface. An electronics component housed within, or near, the receptacle drives the capacitive process and interprets generated data to determine fluid levels and compositions. An alternate receptacle includes one or two coils wrapped about the container and uses induction to determine fluid level.

A device for controlling an optical recognition unit with the help of a capacitive filling level measurement in liquid containers having a sensor with a measuring electrode, a conductive base plate suitable for arranging at least one liquid container or a carrier unit having at least one receptacle for receiving a liquid container, a sensor electronics unit that is connected to the measuring electrode and the base plate adapted to determine a capacitance between the measuring electrode and base plate, an evaluation unit, and a control unit for controlling the optical recognition unit, is disclosed.

Provided is a liquid sensor capable of relatively accurately detecting the liquid level even if vibration or the like occurs. The liquid sensor is configured to detect a liquid level in a state in which at least a portion of the liquid sensor is immersed in liquid. This liquid sensor includes a substrate. The substrate is provided with a hole. An inner circumferential surface of the substrate is formed around the hole. A first electrode and a second electrode facing the first electrode are formed on the inner circumferential surface. The liquid sensor further includes a detection circuit. The detection circuit is configured to detect capacitance between the first and second electrodes.

A securement arrangement for introducing a field instrument into a container includes a connection adapter and a sealing element. The field instrument includes a housing and a sensor. The sensor of the field instrument protrudes inwardly into the container, and the field instrument serves for determining and/or monitoring a process variable of a medium in the container. The connection adapter includes a cylindrical basic body, on which a first securement element is arranged for securing the connection adapter to the field instrument. The connection adapter surrounds the field instrument when the connection adapter is secured to the field instrument. A second securement element is also arranged on the connection adapter for securing the connection adapter to a container adapter. The container adapter surrounds the connection adapter when the container adapter is secured to the connection adapter. A first support of the connection adapter accommodates the sealing element.

A system includes a fuel level sensing probe inside a fuel tank and an exciter wire bundle to connect the fuel level sensing probe to a power source outside the tank. The exciter wire bundle includes an excitation wire and a grounded guard wire. The excitation wire and the grounded guard wire each include a resistive non-metallic wire. The system also includes a return signal wire bundle to connect the fuel level sensing probe to a device configured to measure a quantity of fuel within the tank. The return signal wire bundle includes a return signal wire and a grounded guard wire. The grounded guard wire of the return signal wire bundle and the grounded guard wire of the exciter wire bundle are configured to shield the return signal wire from electromagnetic interference. The return signal wire and the grounded guard wire each include a resistive non-metallic wire.

A liquid level sensing system for a vehicle tank may include a liquid level display including a display panel and a first number of visual indicators carried by the display panel. The system may also include capacitive sensors to be coupled to the vehicle tank to sense a second number of possible liquid levels being greater than the first number of visual indicators. In addition, the system may include a controller configured to drive the visual indicators in a modulation pattern based upon the capacitive sensors to thereby display a sensed liquid level having a resolution corresponding to the second number of possible liquid levels.