A method for maintaining a boiling rate of a base fluid can include a determination of a fluid level of a turbulated base fluid in a reservoir. The fluid level can be determined by measuring at least one first height of the turbulated base fluid above the fluid level with at least a first sensor. The fluid level can be determined by measuring at least one second height of the turbulated base fluid below the fluid level with the first sensor. The method can include the establishment of the fluid level of the turbulated base fluid. The fluid level can be established according to the measured at least one first and second heights. The method can include the graduated introduction of an input fluid into the reservoir. A control valve can gradually introduce the input fluid in proportion to the established fluid level of the turbulated base fluid.

Methods for determining variability in a state of a medium, include monitoring the medium and determining the variability in the state of the medium based on the processing of the response over time based on the response detected at the at least one receive element over time. Monitoring the medium can include generating a transmit signal, transmitting it into the medium using a transmit element, and receiving a signal from the medium at a receive element. The transmit and receive elements can be decoupled from one another. The transmit and receive elements can have differing geometry. The determined variability in the state of the medium can be used to provide notifications and/or take automated actions.

Embodiments described herein generally relate to devices, systems and methods for measuring a volume or number of doses remaining in a drug delivery device that is used for delivering a dose to a patient. In some embodiments, a dose measurement system for measuring the liquid volume in a container includes a light guide disposed and configured to reflect electromagnetic radiation toward the container. The dose measurement system also includes a light guide disposed and configured to emit electromagnetic radiation into the light guide. A plurality of sensors are located in the apparatus that are optically coupleable to the light guide and are disposed and configured to detect the electromagnetic radiation emitted by at least a portion of the light guide. The apparatus also includes a processing unit configured to receive data representing the portion of the detected electromagnetic radiation from each of the plurality of sensors. The processing unit is further operable to convert the received data into a signature representative of the electromagnetic radiation detected by the plurality of sensors.

Methods for determining variability in a state of a medium, include monitoring the medium and determining the variability in the state of the medium based on the processing of the response over time based on the response detected at the at least one receive element over time. Monitoring the medium can include generating a transmit signal, transmitting it into the medium using a transmit element, and receiving a signal from the medium at a receive element. The transmit and receive elements can be decoupled from one another. The transmit and receive elements can have differing geometry. The determined variability in the state of the medium can be used to provide notifications and/or take automated actions.

The invention relates to an apparatus (14) for handling and/or measuring a liquid contained in a container (10), the apparatus (14) comprising an elongate component (18) having a free end (20) and being insertable through a container opening (12) of the container (10) into the interior (22) of the container (10) with said free end (20) first and at least a part of an empty level indicator system (28, 30, 32) at the free end (20) of the elongate component (18), wherein said part is a transponder (28) for an RF-detection system (28, 30) of the empty level indicator system (28, 30, 32). The invention further relates to a corresponding empty level indicator system (28, 30, 32) for detecting an empty level of a liquid in at least one container (10).

To provide a flood detection technique with which a breakdown is less likely to occur over a long period, maintenance costs are low, and the occurrence of an abnormal water level is less likely to be erroneously determined. An inundation detection device detects a received signal strength that is the strength of a received response signal received from an RF sensor installed at a flood detection location, detects a dispersion within a specific time, detects a normal reception rate, and outputs a flood detection signal in a case where the dispersion is greater than or equal to a specific threshold and the normal reception rate is less than or equal to a specific threshold.

The present invention relates a transmission line probe for use in a radar level gauge system configured to determine a filling level (L) and a density of a product contained in a container, wherein the transmission line probe comprises: at least one probe line adapted to guide an electromagnetic transmit signal (S.sub.T) towards and at least partly through the product, and to guide an electromagnetic return signal (S.sub.R) back from a surface or interface of the product; and a plurality of insulating dielectric beads arranged along the at least one probe line and configured to decrease electromagnetic signal attenuation caused by the product. The present invention also relates to a radar level gauge system comprising such a transmission line probe, and to a corresponding method.

Embodiments described herein generally relate to devices, systems and methods for measuring a volume or number of doses remaining in a drug delivery device that is used for delivering a dose to a patient. In some embodiments, a dose measurement system for measuring the liquid volume in a container includes a light guide disposed and configured to reflect electromagnetic radiation toward the container. The dose measurement system also includes a light guide disposed and configured to emit electromagnetic radiation into the light guide. A plurality of sensors are located in the apparatus that are optically coupleable to the light guide and are disposed and configured to detect the electromagnetic radiation emitted by at least a portion of the light guide. The apparatus also includes a processing unit configured to receive data representing the portion of the detected electromagnetic radiation from each of the plurality of sensors. The processing unit is further operable to convert the received data into a signature representative of the electromagnetic radiation detected by the plurality of sensors.

A system is provided for monitoring foam levels within a vessel wherein one or more chemical reactions or biological growths are occurring. The system includes a resonant sensor positioned outside of the vessel at a position to measure foam level within the vessel, the resonant sensor having an inductive element and a capacitive element and tuned to provide for enhanced sensitivity of changes in local permittivity to resonate. In a frequency range which permits penetration through a sidewall of the vessel, at least one antenna positioned outside of the vessel, a scattering parameter measurement device electrically connected to the at least one antenna positioned outside of the vessel to measure transmitted or reflected power, and a controller operatively connected to the scattering parameter measurement device to receive a signal from the scattering parameter measurement device, the controller configured to correlate resonant frequency based on the signal from the vector network analyzer with foam level in the vessel,

Disclosed is to a measuring device for determining a dielectric value of a fill substance, as well as to a method for its operation. The underpinning idea is based on transmitting a high frequency signal as radar signal in the direction of the fill substance, and receiving the radar signal after passage through the fill substance. A phase detector of the receiving unit of the measuring device produces a first evaluation signal, which changes proportionally to a phase difference between the received radar signal and the produced high frequency signal. An evaluation circuit of the receiving unit determines based on the first evaluation signal at least a real part of the dielectric value. Advantageous in the case of such dielectric value determination is that the measuring device can be applied without having first to be calibrated.