A nuclear level sensing gauge for measuring the level of product in a bin. The gauge includes a source of nuclear radiation positioned adjacent the product in the bin and a housing. A primary scintillator is provided in the housing, adjacent the product in the bin, and opposite the source of nuclear radiation. Nuclear radiation from the source passes through the bin and impinges upon the primary scintillator, generating scintillating light. A light guide conveys the scintillating light from the primary scintillator to light sensing circuitry. The light guide is coupled to the primary scintillator through an air gap. The light guide produces scintillating light flashes in response to absorption of the scintillating light from the primary scintillator. The light sensing circuitry collects the light flashes from the light guide to provide a representation of the level of radiation-absorbing product in the bin.

The invention relates to a device for filling a product, comprisingat least one metering device (18) for metering a specific amount of the product that is to be filled in the packaging material tube, a sensor device (20) for detecting characteristic properties, in particular a mass and/or density and/or volume of the product, wherein the sensor device (20) is arranged such that it determines the characteristic properties of the product located in the metering device (18).

A radiometric measuring device for measuring a property of a substance, wherein the substance is contained in a hollow body, the radiometric measuring device includes: a bundle of a plurality of scintillator fibers, wherein the bundle is embodied for a longitudinally extending arrangement of the scintillator fibers along the hollow body, a plurality of optoelectronic sensors, wherein the optoelectronic sensors are optically coupled to associated scintillator fibers of the bundle and embodied to convert a light pulse produced by the optically coupled scintillator fiber into an associated electrical sensor signal, and an evaluation unit. The evaluation unit is electrically coupled to the optoelectronic sensors and embodied to sum the sensor signals or signals obtained therefrom by further processing to form a summed signal and embodied to determine the property on the basis of the summed signal.

Provided are a char feeding hopper that makes it possible to accurately measure char, a char recovery system, and a coal gasification combined power generation system. The char feeding hopper comprises: a char feeding hopper body that feeds separated char to a coal gasifier side; at least two casing tubes (121, 122) that are inserted from a side wall of the char feeding hopper body and that are provided so as to be aligned with one another in the vertical axis direction; a radiation source section (101) that is provided within the casing tube (121) and that emits -rays within the char feeding hopper body; and a -ray detector that is provided within the casing tube (122) and that detects emitted -rays. The cross-section of each casing tube (121, 122) has a shape that is provided with a tapered section (200) having an apex angle on the upper edge thereof.

Provided are a char feeding hopper that makes it possible to accurately measure char, a char recovery system, and a coal gasification combined power generation system. The char feeding hopper comprises: a char feeding hopper body that feeds separated char to a coal gasifier side; at least two casing tubes (121, 122) that are inserted from a side wall of the char feeding hopper body and that are provided so as to be aligned with one another in the vertical axis direction; a radiation source section (101) that is provided within the casing tube (121) and that emits -rays within the char feeding hopper body; and a -ray detector that is provided within the casing tube (122) and that detects emitted -rays. The cross-section of each casing tube (121, 122) has a shape that is provided with a tapered section (200) having an apex angle on the upper edge thereof.

A centrifugal separator for industrial separation of a liquid-gas mixture, including a centrifugal separator body having a centrifugal separator body wall, the centrifugal separator body including a cylindrical section and a conical section, a gas outlet positioned at the top end of the centrifugal separator body and a liquid outlet positioned at the bottom end of the centrifugal separator body, the centrifugal separator body further including a liquid-gas mixture inlet orifice, positioned in the cylindrical section of the centrifugal separator body, and a detector for detecting the thickness of the liquid on the centrifugal separator body wall, wherein the detector is positioned in the cylindrical section. A method for monitoring the flow through such a centrifugal separator.

A centrifugal separator for industrial separation of a liquid-gas mixture, including a centrifugal separator body having a centrifugal separator body wall, the centrifugal separator body including a cylindrical section and a conical section, a gas outlet positioned at the top end of the centrifugal separator body and a liquid outlet positioned at the bottom end of the centrifugal separator body, the centrifugal separator body further including a liquid-gas mixture inlet orifice, positioned in the cylindrical section of the centrifugal separator body, and a detector for detecting the thickness of the liquid on the centrifugal separator body wall, wherein the detector is positioned in the cylindrical section. A method for monitoring the flow through such a centrifugal separator.

A method for signal diagnosis, in particular for noise detection, of a radiometric sensor, that includes detecting of a first pulse rate by way of a first discriminator and a first counting circuit, detecting of at least a second pulse rate by way of a second discriminator and a second counting circuit, wherein the amplitude sensitivity of the first discriminator is different from the amplitude sensitivity of the second discriminator, determining a ratio between the detected pulse rate of the second discriminator and the detected pulse rate of the first discriminator , and comparing the determined ratio with an expected value.

An apparatus and method for determining a level of a fluid within a vessel are disclosed. The apparatus includes: a source unit for emitting a beam of radiation into the interior of the vessel, the source unit including a source of radiation and a collimator for collimating radiation emitted by the source to provide the beam, wherein the source unit is adjustable to vary an angle of the beam with respect to horizontal; at least one detector for detecting radiation emitted by the source and having passed through at least a portion of the interior of the vessel; and a processor for: recording data corresponding to an amount of radiation detected at the at least one detector as a function of angle of the beam; and determining the level of the fluid, based on a variation of the data with the angle of the beam.

An apparatus and method for determining a level of a fluid within a vessel are disclosed. The apparatus includes: a source unit for emitting a beam of radiation into the interior of the vessel, the source unit including a source of radiation and a collimator for collimating radiation emitted by the source to provide the beam, wherein the source unit is adjustable to vary an angle of the beam with respect to horizontal; at least one detector for detecting radiation emitted by the source and having passed through at least a portion of the interior of the vessel; and a processor for: recording data corresponding to an amount of radiation detected at the at least one detector as a function of angle of the beam; and determining the level of the fluid, based on a variation of the data with the angle of the beam.