A liquid level sensing system includes a sensing probe including an axial guided wave (AGW) transducer, the AGW transducer including a sensing element, and a rod operatively associated with the AGW transducer, the AGW transducer operatively connected to a first end of the rod. The liquid level sensing systems includes a liquid tank, such that a second end of the rod extends through an opening in an inner wall of the liquid tank into the liquid tank, the first end of the rod and the AGW transducer being outside of the inner wall of the liquid-hydrogen tank.

A liquid level sensing system includes a sensing probe including an axial guided wave (AGW) transducer, the AGW transducer including a sensing element, and a rod operatively associated with the AGW transducer, the AGW transducer operatively connected to a first end of the rod. The liquid level sensing systems includes a liquid tank, such that a second end of the rod extends through an opening in an inner wall of the liquid tank into the liquid tank, the first end of the rod and the AGW transducer being outside of the inner wall of the liquid-hydrogen tank.

An ultrasonic inspection system determines whether or not a thermally conductive resin forming a thermally conductive resin layer is filled through a waveform change of an ultrasonic wave measured by transmitting the ultrasonic wave toward a portion of an edge of a bottom surface of a module frame from the outside. An ultrasonic sensor at one of two opposite edges of an exterior surface of the bottom surface of the module frame determine a height of the resin within the battery module.

An ultrasonic inspection system determines whether or not a thermally conductive resin forming a thermally conductive resin layer is filled through a waveform change of an ultrasonic wave measured by transmitting the ultrasonic wave toward a portion of an edge of a bottom surface of a module frame from the outside. An ultrasonic sensor at one of two opposite edges of an exterior surface of the bottom surface of the module frame determine a height of the resin within the battery module.

A liquid level measurement method performed by using a liquid level measurement device including a vibrator immersed in a liquid in a container, a surface of the vibrator perpendicular to a vibration direction having a rectangular shape. The liquid level measurement method includes exciting, by a vibration exciter, vibration in the vibrator; measuring damping time during which an amplitude of the vibration generated in the vibrator is damped to a predetermined level when the excitation of the vibration in the vibrator is stopped; and calculating, based on correlation information between the damping time and a liquid level of the liquid, the liquid level corresponding to the damping time during which the amplitude of the vibration generated in the vibrator is damped to the predetermined level.

A liquid level measurement method performed by using a liquid level measurement device including a vibrator immersed in a liquid in a container, a surface of the vibrator perpendicular to a vibration direction having a rectangular shape. The liquid level measurement method includes exciting, by a vibration exciter, vibration in the vibrator; measuring damping time during which an amplitude of the vibration generated in the vibrator is damped to a predetermined level when the excitation of the vibration in the vibrator is stopped; and calculating, based on correlation information between the damping time and a liquid level of the liquid, the liquid level corresponding to the damping time during which the amplitude of the vibration generated in the vibrator is damped to the predetermined level.

A device for determining the level and/or direction of various media is provided. A level switch may detect, respond to, and/or control levels and/or overfilling of various media, such as fluids, solids, powders, granules, and/or other materials comprised within a container. A level switch may include a housing, a force sensor comprising a substantially spherical component protruding through an opening of the housing (wherein the force sensor is mechanically coupled to the housing), a force pulse generator configured to impinge a force pulse of a chosen force and pulse width onto a surface of a container (wherein the force pulse generator is mechanically coupled to the housing), and/or a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) (wherein the PCBA is mechanically coupled to the housing).

A device for determining the level and/or direction of various media is provided. A level switch may detect, respond to, and/or control levels and/or overfilling of various media, such as fluids, solids, powders, granules, and/or other materials comprised within a container. A level switch may include a housing, a force sensor comprising a substantially spherical component protruding through an opening of the housing (wherein the force sensor is mechanically coupled to the housing), a force pulse generator configured to impinge a force pulse of a chosen force and pulse width onto a surface of a container (wherein the force pulse generator is mechanically coupled to the housing), and/or a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) (wherein the PCBA is mechanically coupled to the housing).

A filling level monitoring device includes an exciting element, first and second sensors, a signal source, and a processor. The exciting element can be mounted to the fluid container. The first and second sensors can be mounted to the fluid container at opposite sides. The signal source is connected to the exciting element and can generate an input signal including frequency components. The first and second sensors are each connected to the processor to sense vibrations within the fluid container and to generate and send corresponding vibration signals to the processor. The processor can determine a horizontal vibration mode from the vibration signals of the first and second sensors and the input signal, to determine a modal frequency of the determined horizontal vibration mode, and to determine a current filling level of the fluid container based on the modal frequency of the determined horizontal vibration mode.

A filling level monitoring device includes an exciting element, first and second sensors, a signal source, and a processor. The exciting element can be mounted to the fluid container. The first and second sensors can be mounted to the fluid container at opposite sides. The signal source is connected to the exciting element and can generate an input signal including frequency components. The first and second sensors are each connected to the processor to sense vibrations within the fluid container and to generate and send corresponding vibration signals to the processor. The processor can determine a horizontal vibration mode from the vibration signals of the first and second sensors and the input signal, to determine a modal frequency of the determined horizontal vibration mode, and to determine a current filling level of the fluid container based on the modal frequency of the determined horizontal vibration mode.