A fixing structure for fixing a reflector and a device for detecting a display brightness are provided. The fixing structure is configured to fix a reflector to a photosensitive detecting assembly; and the fixing structure includes at least one clamping unit configured to clamp and fix the reflector. Each clamping unit includes: a first support, including a first clamping arm configured to support a first surface of the reflector; and a second support, including a second clamping arm configured to press on a second surface of the reflector facing away from the first surface.

An object is efficiently scanned across thereof using electromagnetic waves. An electromagnetic wave detection apparatus includes a switching unit, a controller, and a first detector. The switching unit includes a plurality of subdivisions that are arranged on a reference surface and can be switched to a first state for causing incident electromagnetic waves to progress in a first direction. The controller is configured to simultaneously set some of the plurality of subdivisions located apart from one another along at least one direction of the reference surface, from among the plurality of subdivisions, to the first state. The first detector is configured to detect electromagnetic waves progressing in the first direction.

A PIC has first, second and third elements fabricated on a common substrate. The first element includes a structure supporting efficient coupling of one or more free-space optical modes of incident light into one or more waveguide guided optical modes. The second element includes an on-chip interferometer having an input optically coupled to the waveguide guided optical modes; one or more arms; one or more outputs; and a phase tuner configured to change optical path length in one or more of the arms. The third element includes one or more light detecting structures optically coupled to the one or more outputs of the second element, such that variation in optical power in the one or more outputs is detected, allowing an assessment of coherence characterizing the light incident on the first element of the PIC to be provided.

The present application discloses a nano-textured attenuator which includes a body defining an input aperture, a measurement aperture, and at least one beam dump aperture. At least one coupling fixture may be formed on or positioned on the body, a first nano-textured beamsplitter is positioned within the body and configured to transmit 85% to 99.9999% of an input beam therethrough while reflecting 0.0001% of the input beam to form a partially attenuated beam, at least a second nano-textured beamsplitter is also positioned within the body and is configured to transmit 85% to 99.9999% of the partially attenuated beam therethrough while reflecting 0.0001% of the partially attenuated beam to form an attenuated measurement beam, and at least one camera in communication with the measurement aperture be configured to measure at least one optical characteristic of the attenuated measurement beam.

Systems, methods, and apparatuses for providing on-board electromagnetic radiation sensing using beam splitting in a radiation sensing apparatus. The radiation sensing apparatuses can include a micro-mirror chip including a plurality of light reflecting surfaces. The apparatuses can also include an image sensor including an imaging surface. The apparatuses can also include a beamsplitter unit located between the micro-mirror chip and the image sensor. The beamsplitter unit can include a beamsplitter that includes a partially-reflective surface that is oblique to the imaging surface and the micro-mirror chip. The apparatuses can also include an enclosure configured to enclose at least the beamsplitter and a light source. With the apparatuses, the light source can be attached to a printed circuit board (PCB). Also, the enclosure can include an inner surface that has an angled reflective surface that is configured to reflect light from the light source in a direction towards the beamsplitter.

An apparatus and method of intersensor calibration including using a zero airmass response constant proportional to sensor absolute radiometric gain coefficients to monitor sensor radiometric stability. Tracking the ratio of zero airmass response constant values for similar bands between two sensors provides a parameter on a common radiometric scale for evaluating interoperability performance. The method includes imaging a solar signal using a mirror to create an image reference target, detecting the image reference target using a first sensor, generating a zero airmass response constant based on a ground sampling distance of the first sensor and an at-sensor radiance value, computing a radiometric gain coefficient of the first sensor using the zero airmass response constant, and comparing the radiometric gain coefficient of the first sensor to a radiometric gain coefficient of a second sensor to determine a gain ratio between the first sensor and second sensor.

Some embodiments may include a power monitor to measure power of laser light propagating in a core of an optical fiber; the power monitor to generate a sensor signal using an optical sensor having a light sensitive section with no line of sight to part of the optical fiber; wherein the sensor signal is derived from light emerging laterally from the part of the optical fiber. Other embodiments may be disclosed and/or claimed.

A method of monitoring light output from at least one solid-state light source involves sensing any light produced by the at least one solid-state light source and reflected, by at least one surface spaced apart from the at least one solid-state light source, to at least one reference location spaced apart from the at least one surface. Apparatuses and uses of the apparatuses are also disclosed.

The invention provides systems and methods for imaging a sample. In various embodiments, the invention provides a system comprising an image sensor, a laser for emitting excitation light for an infrared or near-infrared fluorophore, a visible light source, a notch beam splitter, a notch filter, a synchronization module, an image processing unit, an image displaying unit, and light-conducting channels. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a system comprising an image sensor, a laser for emitting excitation light for an infrared or near-infrared fluorophore, a laser clean-up filter, a notch filter, a white light source, an image processing unit, an image displaying unit, and light-conducting channels. In accordance with the present invention, the image sensor can detect both visible light and infrared light.

The present disclosure provides an optical system. In one aspect, the optical system includes a plurality of imagers configured to emit an electromagnetic radiation, a plurality of optical sensors configured to receive the electromagnetic radiation from the imagers, and a beam splitting device disposed at an optical path between the imagers and the optical sensors. In one example, the beam splitting device is a multi-way beam splitter configured to receive the electromagnetic radiation from one of the imagers and separate the received electromagnetic radiation into a plurality of portions, each separated portion of the received electromagnetic radiation being directed to one of the optical sensors.