Instruments and methods are disclosed which measure absolute energy and irradiance of UV light sources. The response curves of exemplary optical stacks of the radiometry instruments are substantially rectangular with steep transitions at the cutoff frequencies. Angle of incidence (AOI) control in combination with one or more interference filters in the optical stack enable the full optical stack to produce repeatable and accurate measurements. Inverse response filters are disclosed for leveling optical stack response.

By overlapping lighting timings of light sources that emit lights of a plurality of different wavelength bands including a wavelength band of at least a visible light region and an infrared light region, the lights of the plurality of the different wavelength bands including the wavelength band of at least the visible light region and the infrared light region are emitted on a banknote while securing an overlap in timings thereof. Moreover, by using light receiving elements each including a bandpass filter that allows only light of a wavelength range that corresponds to the wavelength band of each of the light sources, received light intensities of the light of the wavelength range that corresponds to the wavelength band of each of the light sources are acquired simultaneously, and image data are formed based on the received light intensity of every acquired wavelength band.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for detecting photons according to an atmospheric condition, using a function of adjusting light quantity that can significantly improve reliability of an atmospheric condition analysis result by minimizing noise in a spectrum by maintaining the quantity of incident light uniform within a predetermined range regardless of atmospheric conditions and changes, and to a method of adjusting light quantity. The apparatus for detecting photons in accordance with atmospheric conditions using a function of adjusting light quantity includes: an apparatus case having a light inlet; a light quantity adjuster disposed under the light inlet and adjusting quantity of incident light such that a predetermined quantity of light travels inside; and a controller controlling operation of the light quantity adjuster in accordance with intensity of light detected by the light quantity adjuster.

A device may include a filter array disposed on a substrate. The filter array may include a first mirror disposed on the substrate. The filter array may include a plurality of spacers disposed on the first mirror. A first spacer, of the plurality of spacers, may be associated with a first thickness. A second spacer, of the plurality of spacers, may be associated with a second thickness that is different from the first thickness. A first channel corresponding to the first spacer and a second channel corresponding to the second spacer may be associated with a separation width of less than approximately 10 micrometers (μm). The filter array may include a second mirror disposed on the plurality of spacers.

According to an aspect, a detection device includes: a substrate; a plurality of photodiodes arranged on the substrate; a protective film that covers the photodiodes; a plurality of lenses provided so as to overlap the respective photodiodes; a first light-blocking layer that is provided between the photodiodes and the lenses and is provided with first openings in regions overlapping the respective photodiodes; and a second light-blocking layer that is provided between the first light-blocking layer and the lenses and is provided with second openings in regions overlapping the respective photodiodes and the respective first openings. The first light-blocking layer is provided with slits in regions overlapping gaps between the photodiodes adjacent to each other, and the second light-blocking layer is provided so as to be continuous across the photodiodes adjacent to each other and is provided so as to overlap the slits.

The arrangement comprises a filter region (10) filtering electromagnetic radiation and a shielding component (20) inhibiting propagation of electromagnetic radiation. The filter region comprises a central filter region (11) and a separate peripheral filter region (13). The shielding component comprises an aperture (21). The aperture is arranged above the central filter region. The central filter region and the peripheral filter region are optimized for different angles of incidence (α, β) and provided for measurements by individual sensor regions (18, 19).

A light source apparatus includes first and second light sources having different maximum light amounts used, a first light amount detection section detecting a light amount of first light of the first light source, a second light amount detection section detecting a light amount of second light of the second light source, a light amount limiting section limiting a light amount of light incident upon the second light amount detection section so that light amounts detected in the first light amount detection section and the second light amount detection section match a predetermined value within a detection range when light with the maximum light amounts used are emitted from the first light source and the second light source, and a control section controlling amounts of light emission of the first light source and the second light source based on detection results of the first and second light amount detection sections.

Diffuse image measurement system and digital image formation method. The system includes a source of light with time-varying intensity directed at a scene to be imaged. A time-resolved light meter is provided for receiving light reflected from the scene to generate time-resolved samples of the intensity of light incident at the light meter. The temporal variation in the intensity of light incident at the light meter is associated with a function of a radiometric property of the scene, such as a linear functional of reflectance, and a computer processes the samples to construct a digital image. The spatial resolution of the digital image is finer than the spatial support of the illumination on the scene and finer than the spatial support of the sensitivity of the light meter. Using appropriate light sources instead of impulsive illumination significantly improves signal-to-noise ratio and reconstruction quality.

Target devices for characterizing terahertz imaging systems are provided. The target devices include a terahertz resolution pattern having spatially distributed resolution features and one or more prism assemblies configured to provide a variable contrast level within the resolution features when used with terahertz radiation. Each prism assembly includes first and second prisms arranged in a Frustrated Total Internal Reflection (FTIR) configuration.

An ambient light detector, a detector array and a method are disclosed. An ambient light sensor includes a first plurality of sensor elements, where each sensor element is configured to provide a signal in response to a level of illumination and a second plurality of reference elements, each reference element configured to provide a reference signal and each including a blocking element configured to shield the respective reference element from being illuminated, where the first plurality is larger than the second plurality and the first plurality of sensor elements and the second plurality of reference elements are arranged in an array, and where a sensor element and a reference element are laterally arranged on or in a common layer substrate sharing at least one common first contact.