Reduces an increase in temperature of the blade member. Comprises: a blade supporting member, disposed forward of a photodetecting sensor that acts as a thermal source, having an opening 1a through which passes light that is to be incident into the photodetecting sensor; a blade member, supported movably on the blade supporting member, for opening and closing the opening; an actuator for driving the blade member open and closed, wherein: wherein the blade supporting member comprises a containing portion 1b, for containing the blade member and the actuator on a front or rear surface that is perpendicular to the optical axis of the opening, and an exposed portion that is arranged in parallel to the containing portion.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to apparatus for and methods of detecting light utilizing the spin Seebeck effect (SSE). In an embodiment, a method for detecting broadband light is provided. The method includes generating a SSE in a device by illuminating the device with light, the device comprising a bilayer structure disposed over a substrate, the bilayer structure comprising a non-magnetic metal layer and a magnetic insulator layer. The method further includes measuring the SSE based on a field modulation method, determining, based on the measuring, an optically-created thermal gradient of the device, and detecting a wavelength range of the light. Apparatus for detecting broadband light are also described.

A sensing device comprising an electromagnetic sensor having a surface with a plurality of different electromagnetic radiation interception areas arranged one above the other, one or more controllable flaps adapted to cover one or more of the different electromagnetic radiation interception areas preventing the electromagnetic sensor from intercepting electromagnetic radiation on the covered electromagnetic radiation interception areas, at least one control mechanism adapted to maneuver the controllable flaps so as to change the covered electromagnetic radiation interception areas and a plurality of lenses located in front of the electromagnetic sensor, each having a different focal length. One of the lenses has a certain focal length and focuses electromagnetic radiation to at least one of the different electromagnetic radiation interception areas, and another of the lenses has a different focal length and focuses electromagnetic radiation to another electromagnetic radiation interception area.

The use of a blade driving device including a first plate wherein a first opening portion is formed; a blade formed so as to enable opening/closing of the first opening portion; a driving mechanism driving the blade; and a cover, wherein a second opening portion is formed so as to essentially overlap the first opening portion, and formed so as to cover the base plate and the driving mechanism portion. Because the base plate and driving mechanism portion are covered by the cover, when compared to the conventional structure, this enables the transmission, without variability, of heat in relation to the driving mechanism portion and the base plate.

[Task] To provide an automatic analysis apparatus including a photomultiplier tube which controls a sensitivity of the photomultiplier tube without adjusting a high voltage value. [Solution] An automatic analysis apparatus according to the present invention includes a photomultiplier tube which detects light from a reaction vessel; a determination unit which determines an output signal of the photomultiplier tube in a case where the photomultiplier tube is irradiated with first light; and a control unit which irradiates the photomultiplier tube with second light to lower a sensitivity of the photomultiplier tube in accordance with a determination result by the determination unit.

A method for active eye-tracking comprises pulsing on and off a plurality of infrared optical sources configured to emit infrared light with a narrow spectral linewidth toward an eye of a user, such that a pulse-on duration is less than a duration needed to fully thermalize each optical source. One or more shuttered optical sensors are configured to receive infrared light reflected off the eye of the user. The shuttered optical sensors are opened for a detection duration based on the pulse-on duration, the shuttered optical sensors. A conformation of the user's eye is indicated based on infrared light received at the shuttered optical sensor during the detection duration.

A flame detection system includes: an optical sensor that detects light generated from a light source; an applied voltage generating circuit that periodically applies a drive pulse voltage to the optical sensor, discharge determining portion that detects a discharge from the optical sensor, a discharge probability calculating portion that calculates a discharge probability based on a number of times of application of the drive pulse voltage and a number of times of discharge detected in the a first state in which the optical sensor is shielded from light and a second state in which the optical sensor can receive light, a sensitivity parameter storing portion storing known sensitivity parameters of the optical sensor; and a received light quantity calculating portion that calculates the received light quantity by the optical sensor in the second state based on the sensitivity parameters and the discharge probabilities calculated in the first and second states.

A method and a device for measuring absorbed energy-momentum symmetry in which radiant energy W.Math.sr.sup.1.Math.m.sup.2.Math.nm.sup.1 is compared directly against its absorbed impinging momentum kg.Math.m.Math.s1 in a manner that will provide an experimental basis for asymmetrical anomalies that may or may not exist within a measurable range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

An electromagnetic wave detection apparatus 10 includes a first propagation unit 16, a second propagation unit 17, a first detector 19, and a second detector 20. The first propagation unit 16 propagates electromagnetic waves incident on a reference surface ss in a particular direction using each pixel px. The second propagation unit 17 includes a first surface s1, a second surface s2, a third surface s3, a fourth surface s4, a fifth surface s5, and a sixth surface s6. The first surface s1 propagates electromagnetic waves incident from a first direction in a second direction and propagates electromagnetic propagated in a third direction in a fourth direction. The second surface s2 separates electromagnetic waves propagated in the second direction d2 and propagate electromagnetic waves in a third direction d3 and a fifth direction d5. The first detector 19 detects electromagnetic waves emitted from the third surface s3. The second detector 20 detects electromagnetic waves emitted from the sixth surface s6.

A method for active eye-tracking comprises pulsing on and off a plurality of infrared optical sources configured to emit infrared light with a narrow spectral linewidth toward an eye of a user, such that a pulse-on duration is less than a duration needed to fully thermalize each optical source. One or more shuttered optical sensors are configured to receive infrared light reflected off the eye of the user. The shuttered optical sensors are opened for a detection duration based on the pulse-on duration, the shuttered optical sensors. A conformation of the user's eye is indicated based on infrared light received at the shuttered optical sensor during the detection duration.