A display device includes a display, a first motor, an illuminance sensor, and a processor. The display displays information. The first motor changes a direction of a display surface of the display. The processor determines a first direction corresponding to a direction from a human sensor or the display surface to the eyes of the operator based on first sensing data output from the human sensor. The processor controls the first motor so that a normal direction of the display surface is the first direction when an illuminance of light incident from the first direction included in second sensing data output from the illuminance sensor is less than a first threshold. The processor controls the first motor so that the normal direction is a second direction different from the first direction when the illuminance of light incident from the first direction is the first threshold or more.

A radiance sensor includes a memory and a microprocessor. The memory stores non-transitory computer-readable instructions and adapted to store a plurality of electrical signals output from a photodetector array in response to electromagnetic radiation transmitted through a lenslet array and incident on the photodetector array. The microprocessor is adapted to execute the instructions to (i) determine irradiance of the electromagnetic radiation in a detector plane from the plurality of electrical signals, each electrical signal having generated by a respective one of a plurality of photodetectors of the photodetector array, and (ii) reconstruct, from the determined irradiance, the 4D-radiance in an input plane, the lenslet array being between the input plane and the detector plane.

A laser machining method includes, before laser machining: calculating the amount of focus movement on the basis of a first measurement value measured with the external optical system warmed up and being the amount of energy of a laser beam passing through a small-diameter hole and a first reference value (database D1) predetermined depending on the type of contamination of the external optical system in relation to the first measurement value; and compensating the focus position in laser machining on the basis of the calculated amount of focus movement.

A beam delivery system may include: beam adjusters configured to adjust a divergence angle of a pulse laser beam; a beam sampler configured to separate a part of the pulse laser beam outputted from a first beam adjuster provided at the most downstream among the beam adjusters to acquire a sample beam; a beam monitor configured to receive the sample beam and output a monitored diameter; and a beam delivery controller configured to control the beam adjusters based on the monitored diameter. The beam delivery controller may adjust each of beam adjusters other than the first beam adjuster selected one after another from the most upstream so that the monitored diameter at the beam monitor becomes a predetermined value specific to the beam adjuster, and adjust the first beam adjuster so that the pulse laser beam becomes focused at a position downstream of a target position.

An aquarium photometer system includes a housing unit, an arm, and a mirror. The housing unit includes a light sensor configured to sense light incident on the light sensor and to convert the incident light to a signal. The housing unit also includes an operational amplifier including a first input node, a second input node, and an output node. The operational amplifier is configured to: receive the signal at the first input node, amplify a difference between the signal at the first input node and a signal at the second input node by a gain factor, and output the amplified signal on the output node. The housing unit also includes a potentiometer connected to the operational amplifier and configured to regulate the amplified signal; and a display connected to the potentiometer and configured to show an intensity of light detected by the light sensor based on the regulated amplified signal. The arm at a first end is connected to the housing unit and configured to move the housing unit around an aquarium case. The mirror is located on a bar and positioned within the aquarium in front of the light sensor and at a focal distance from the light sensor and configured to increase an amount of light incident on the light sensor.

A device is disclosed for monitoring power from a laser diode. The device includes a substrate having a top surface and a first facet perpendicular to the top surface through which light enters the substrate. The device further includes a second facet onto which light that has entered the substrate through the first facet along an optical axis that is non-normal to the first facet is incident. The device further includes a photodiode fabricated on the top surface of the substrate for measuring an intensity of the light that enters the first facet of the substrate along the optical axis that is non-normal to the first facet. The light that has entered the substrate through the first facet along the optical axis that is non-normal to the first facet is reflected by the second facet toward a photoactive region of the photodiode.

First and second filter magazines in each of which plural filters having different transmission wavelengths from each other are arranged in a row are provided, and the first and second filter magazines are arranged next to each other in one direction. A light detection unit in which plural photomultipliers of first and second photomultipliers, each of which detects light that has passed through at least one of the filters included in the first and second filter magazines, are arranged in the arrangement direction of the filters is provided, and the light detection unit is placed in the one direction in such a manner to be parallel to the first and second filter magazines. The apparatus is configured in such a manner that the first and second filter magazines and the light detection unit are movable in the arrangement direction of the filters.

A light detection device according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes: a light detector having a main surface and including at least one first detector and at least one second detector disposed along the main surface; a light coupling layer disposed on or apart from the light detector and including a first low-refractive-index layer, a first high-refractive-index layer disposed on the first low-refractive-index layer and including a first grating, and a second low-refractive-index layer disposed on the first high-refractive-index layer, the first high-refractive-index layer having a higher refractive index than the first and second low-refractive-index layers; and a light shielding film disposed on the light coupling layer and including at least one light transmitting region and at least one light shielding region adjacent to the at least one light transmitting region.

A spot shape detection apparatus for detecting the spot shape of a laser beam oscillated from a laser oscillator includes: a focusing leans for focusing the laser beam oscillated by the oscillator; a rotary body (mirror holder) in which a plurality of mirrors for reflecting the laser beam having passed through the focusing lens are disposed on concentric circles; a drive source (motor) for rotating the rotary body at a predetermined period; a beam splitter for branching return beams of the laser beam reflected by the plurality of mirrors of the rotary body; an imaging unit which is disposed in a direction in which the return beams are branched by the beam splitter and which images spot shapes of the return beams; and a display unit for displaying images obtained by imaging by the imaging unit, in relation with the plurality of mirrors.

The disclosure discloses an electromagnetic driving module which includes a base, two magnetic elements, a wiring assembly, a reference element, and a sensor element. The two magnetic elements are arranged along a reference line and positioned at two sides of the base. The wiring assembly is connected to the base and arranged adjacent to the two magnetic elements. The reference element is positioned on the base. The sensor element is adjacent to the reference elements and configured to detect the movement of the reference element to position the base. A lens device using the electromagnetic driving module is also disclosed.