A particle monitoring device includes a camera sensor for imaging particles, a set of light sources, and an optical component. A first light source provides light of a first color component. A second light source provides light of a second color component. The optical component receives light of the first color component in a first direction from the first light source, and redirects the light of the first color component in an output direction towards the particles to illuminate the particles using light of the first color component. The optical component receives light of a second color component in a second direction, different from the first direction, from the second light source, and redirects the light of the second color component in the output direction towards the particles to illuminate the particles using light of the second color component.

Apparatus and methods are described for use with feces of a subject that is disposed within a toilet bowl (23), and an output device (32). One or more light sensors (60, 62, 64, 66) receive light from the toilet bowl, while the feces are disposed within the toilet bowl. A computer processor (44) analyzes the received light, and, in response thereto, determines that there is a presence of blood within the feces, and determines a source of the blood from within the subject's gastrointestinal tract. The computer processor (44) generates an output on the output device (32), at least partially in response thereto. Other applications are also described.

Disclosed herein is an electronic apparatus and method capable of identifying a state of an object. The electronic apparatus includes a light-emitting diode array configured to transmit light beams having different wavelengths, a photodiode array configured to receive the light beams, a display, and a processor configured to control the light-emitting diode array to transmit the light beams having the different wavelengths toward an object, identify a state of the object based on intensities reflected on the object according to the light beams having the different wavelengths that are received by the photodiode array, and display information about the state of the object on the display.

A mirror unit 2 includes a mirror device 20 including a base 21 and a movable mirror 22, an optical function member 13, and a fixed mirror 16 that is disposed on a side opposite to the mirror device 20 with respect to the optical function member 13. The optical function member 13 is provided with a light transmitting portion 14 that constitutes a part of an optical path between the beam splitter unit 3 and the fixed mirror 16. The light transmitting portion 14 is a portion that corrects an optical path difference that occurs between an optical path between the beam splitter unit 3 and the movable mirror 22 and the optical path between the beam splitter unit 3 and the fixed mirror 16. The second surface 21b of the base 21 and the third surface 13a of the optical function member 13 are joined to each other.

A surgical suturing tracking system is disclosed. The surgical suturing tracking system is configured to detect and guide a suturing needle during a surgical suturing procedure. The surgical suturing track system comprises a control circuit configured to predict a path of a needle suturing stroke after receiving an input from a clinician, detect an embedded tissue structure, and assess proximity of the predicted path and the detected embedded tissue structure.

Modulation-encoded light, using different spectral bin coded light components, can illuminate a stationary or moving (relative) target object or scene. Response signal processing can use information about the respective different time-varying modulation functions, to decode to recover information about a respective response parameter affected by the target object or scene. Electrical or optical modulation encoding can be used. LED-based spectroscopic analysis of a composition of a target (e.g., SpO2, glucose, etc.) can be performed; such can optionally include decoding of encoded optical modulation functions. Baffles or apertures or optics can be used, such as to constrain light provided by particular LEDs. Coded light illumination can be used with a focal plane array light imager receiving response light for inspecting a moving semiconductor or other target. Encoding can use orthogonal functions, such as an RGB illumination sequence, or a sequence of combinations of spectrally contiguous or non-contiguous colors.

An optical sensor for spectroscopic analysis of a sample, the optical sensor comprising: a photonic integrated chip (PIC) for providing light to the sample, the PIC comprising: one or more laser(s) designed to operate at one or more respective predetermined wavelength(s), each of the one or more laser(s) having an output that is optically coupled to an optical output of the PIC; and a monitor located on the PIC for determining the wavelength of the optical output; the optical sensor further comprising: a detector for collecting a spectrum from the sample; and one or more processors configured to: compare the wavelength of the laser(s) at the optical output with each of their respective predetermined wavelength(s); and if a deviation above a certain threshold is detected between the wavelength of the laser(s) and the predetermined wavelength(s), adapt the collected spectrum to generate a reconstructed spectrum; and use one or more datapoints from the reconstructed spectrum for the spectroscopic analysis.

Pulsed fluorescence imaging in a light deficient environment is disclosed. A system includes an emitter for emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation and an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation. The system includes a controller configured to synchronize timing of the emitter and the image sensor. The system is such that at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from about 795 nm to about 815 nm.

A frequency-measurement method uses a dual frequency-comb spectrometer as an optical wavemeter to measure the frequency of a reference laser that is used to frequency-stabilize the spectrometer. The method includes measuring a walking rate of center bursts in a sequence of interferograms recorded by the spectrometer, determining a number of teeth in each of a plurality of Nyquist windows formed by the dual frequency-comb spectrometer, and determining a Nyquist number of the one Nyquist window covering the laser frequency. The reference laser frequency can then be determined from the number of teeth in each Nyquist window, the Nyquist number, and the comb spacing of either one of the two frequency combs of the dual frequency-comb spectrometer. The reference laser frequency does not need to be measured with a separate wavemeter, or calibrated with respect to a known atomic or molecular transition.

A spectrometric device for optical analysis of material composition, coating thickness, surface porosity, and/or other characteristics uses several monochromatic light sources—e.g., laser diodes—to illuminate a sample, with a camera taking an image of the sample under each source's light, and with the various images then being combined to generate a (hyper)spectral image. To address the difficulty in obtaining uniform illumination intensity across the illuminated sample area with solid-state light sources, the output from the light sources may be supplied to an integrating sphere (preferably after being combined within a fiber combiner), and then to a fiber bundle whose output ends are configured as a ring light (a ring of fiber ends directing light at a common spot). The camera may then focus on the spot, at which the sample may be placed for illumination and imaging.