A spectrometer device includes: a substrate including multiple light detector elements; a first filter layer on the substrate, in which the first filter layer includes multiple groups of filter stacks, each filter stack in the first filter layer including multiple dielectric films of alternating refractive index; and a second filter layer on the first filter layer, in which the second filter layer includes multiple groups of filter stacks, each filter stack in the second filter layer including multiple dielectric films of alternating refractive index, in which each filter stack in the second filter layer is aligned with both a corresponding filter stack in the first filter layer and a corresponding light detector element to define a respective photodetector channel, and in which each photodetector channel includes a different optical transmission spectrum.

Provided is an image pickup apparatus including a multi-band pass filter that selectively transmits band light in a specific band, a color filter that transmits the band light in the specific band per pixel of an image pickup device, the image pickup device that receives light transmitted by the multi-band pass filter and the color filter, and a signal processing section to which a pixel value of the image pickup device is input and which executes a signal process on the pixel value. The multi-band pass filter is configured to selectively transmit band light corresponding to a plurality of color filter elements, and the signal processing section generates a pixel value corresponding to a band, of a pixel to be processed using a raw image base pixel value signal per pixel and a spectral characteristic parameter of the image pickup apparatus.

When estimating color for a marker candidate region that is smaller in size than a DeBayer filter, a sever estimates the color of the marker candidate region using HSV average values that are the average values of the hue H, the saturation S, and the brightness V of the marker candidate region, in consideration of the Bayer array of color filters. Furthermore, the server appropriately corrects the HSV average values and converts the pixel format to convert the HSV average values to RGB (RGB average value values), and sets the RGB average values in all pixels of a marker region.

A photodetector device includes: a plurality of light detector elements; and a plurality of filters, in which each filter of the plurality of filters is arranged in front of a light detection surface of a corresponding light detector element to filter incoming light incident on the light detection surface, and in which the plurality of filters are configured to filter at least two different wavelength bands, respectively, of the incoming light, and in which the at least two wavelength bands combine to span a predefined range of wavelengths, and in which each filter of the plurality of filters has a corresponding spectral sensitivity, and in which a sum of the spectral sensitivity curves of the plurality of filters over the predefined range of wavelengths is a constant value.

A method and an ambient light color sensor adapted to determine color of ambient light comprising a memory, a processor, and a light color sensor with a plurality of channels that detect light at different wavelengths. Wherein the memory comprises a calibration matrix determined by calibrating a test light color sensing device under at least one ambient lighting condition, and a normalized gain value for each channel determined by calibrating the ambient light color sensing device to an artificial light source. Wherein the processor receives the sensor readings from the light color sensor, normalizes each received sensor reading using the normalized gain value of a respective channel, determines at least one measured light color value that quantifies color of light from the normalized sensor readings, and determines at least one calibrated light color value by correlating the at least one measured light color value through the calibration matrix.

A sensor system provides a plurality of sets of optical sensors configured in a layer and a plurality of sets of optical filters configured in a layer, where the bottom surface of the plurality of sets of optical filters is located proximal to the top surface of the plurality of sets of optical sensors and where a set of optical filters of the plurality of sets of optical filters includes a plurality of optical filters that are arranged in a pattern so that at least some optical filters of the plurality of optical filters are configured to pass light in a different wavelength range. The sensor system provides one or more rejection filters configured as a layer and a first set of optical elements, where the one or more rejection filters and the first set of optical elements are configured in a stack that is located above the top layer of the plurality of sets of optical filters. The sensor system includes one or more processing modules configured to receive an output from each optical sensor of the plurality of sets of optical sensors and generate a spectral response based on the output.

Provided are a light detection element, a receiving device, and a light sensor device. The light detection element includes a magnetic element that includes a first ferromagnetic layer, a second ferromagnetic layer, and a spacer layer interposed between the first ferromagnetic layer and the second ferromagnetic layer, wherein the first ferromagnetic layer is irradiated with light in a direction intersecting a stacking direction of the magnetic element.

An image capturing device (202) can include a sensor array (210), a lens (230) positioned at a first distance from an intermediate image (235), and apolychromat (220) positioned at a second distance from the lens (230). The polychromat (220) can diffract the intermediate image (235) according to a transform function (207) to produce a dispersed sensor image (215) onto the sensor array (210). The dispersed sensor image (215) can represent a spatial code of the intermediate image (235).

An ambient light color sensing device adapted to determine color of ambient light and method for calibrating thereof. The ambient light color sensing device comprises a memory, a processor, and a light color sensor having a plurality of channels that detect light at different wavelengths to produce sensor readings. Wherein the processor receives sensor readings from the light color sensor, determines an interpolated spectral power distribution from the received sensor readings, converts the interpolated spectral power distribution to at least one measured light color value that quantifies color of light, and determines at least one calibrated light color value by correlating the at least one measured light color value through a calibration matrix.

A system of optical sensors determines whether an object is placed on the system by passing light through the sensor layer, detecting light reflected from the object above the sensor layer, and identifying the object based on whether a color detected in the light corresponds to a color of the side of the object that is positioned on the system over the sensor layer. When the system includes multiple optical sensor units, the system may determine where the object has been placed by determining which of the sensor units detect light reflected from the side of the object.