A piezoelectric device package includes a board having a lower surface and an upper surface, a plurality of terminals disposed on the lower surface, a piezoelectric device disposed on the upper surface, a thermistor layer and a resistance layer disposed on the lower surface, and a cap lead covering an upper portion of the board.

An arrangement for temperature measurement at high-voltage potential is disclosed. The energy for measuring the temperature of an optical current transformer is provided by a single photodiode. The photodiode is supplied by light emitted by a light source and guided to the photodiode via an optical waveguide.

A thermal protecting device of a speaker is provided. The thermal protecting device includes an amplifier and a temperature detecting unit. An input end of the amplifier receives an audio reference signal, an output end of the amplifier provides an audio output signal to the speaker. The temperature detecting unit receives an audio input signal to provide the audio reference signal, and detects an operation temperature of the speaker to determine an amplitude of the audio reference signal. The amplitude is inversely proportional to the operation temperature.

A thermal protecting device of a speaker is provided. The thermal protecting device includes an amplifier and a temperature detecting unit. An input end of the amplifier receives an audio reference signal, an output end of the amplifier provides an audio output signal to the speaker. The temperature detecting unit receives an audio input signal to provide the audio reference signal, and detects an operation temperature of the speaker to determine an amplitude of the audio reference signal. The amplitude is inversely proportional to the operation temperature.

Various implementations described herein are directed to a method that acquires operating frequencies for a first set of ring oscillators disposed in a first integrated circuit, determines one or more first coefficients and a first constant for each ring oscillator in the first set, and determines a correlation between each of the first coefficients and the first constant. Also, the method may acquire a single operating frequency for each of a second set of ring oscillators in a second integrated circuit at a single pre-determined temperature so as to determine a second constant, predict one or more second coefficients for each ring oscillator in the second set based on the second constant and the correlation, and derive a temperature dependence based on the single operating frequency using the one or more second coefficients and the second constant for each of the second set of ring oscillators.

An aerosol provision system comprising a reservoir for aerosolisable material; a vaporizer for vaporizing aerosolisable material from the reservoir; and a sensor system, separate from the vaporizer, for detecting the temperature of the vaporizer, wherein the sensor system comprises a first resistor. The sensor system may also comprise a second resistor. Each resistor may be located on a wick from the aerosol provision system, along with the vaporizer. The sensor system may be separate from the vaporizer, in so far as each resistor from the sensor system may be physically spaced from the vaporizer, and in so far as determining the temperature of the vaporizer may be determined off data from the sensor system, as opposed to off any data from the vaporizer itself.

The present disclosure provides a sensor assembly for non-invasive temperature measurement using microwave radiometry. The assembly comprises a circuit board with a thermistor, capacitor, and inductor, where the inductor electrically isolates microwave signals from temperature sensing signals. A coaxial connector is positioned at one end of the circuit board with an antenna aperture at the opposite end. A shield layer extends over the circuit board with a sensor region, transition region, and extended region that are offset from the circuit board components. The shield layer is oriented at an angle relative to the circuit board. The inductor utilizes parasitic capacitance to improve antenna impedance matching, while the capacitor provides microwave signal isolation for the thermistor to prevent interference with signal detection.