In one embodiments, a method includes drilling a wellbore in a formation with a drilling tool. The method further includes receiving electromagnetic radiation using an opto-analytical device coupled to the drilling tool. The method also includes determining torsion associated with drilling the wellbore based on the received electromagnetic radiation.

In a spring body for a force transducer built into a force-transmitting part, a force-input section is provided for receiving a force, a force-output section for transmitting the force, and an elastic deformation body arranged therebetween which couples the force-output section to the force-input section such that the force received by the force-input section is transmitted to the force-output section. The elastic deformation body performs a predetermined elastic deformation movement caused by the force to be transmitted at at least one point. A coding sampling section is provided at the at least one point of the deformation body and which follows deformation movements of the at least one point.

A device is for the optoelectronic measurement of torque with a first component (2), and a second component (3), it being possible for the first component (2) to be connected to a drive element and the second component (3) to be connected to a drive element, or vice versa. A first encoding element that is arranged on the first component (2). A second encoding element is arranged on the second component (3). A first light barrier (6) detects the rotational movement of the first encoding element. A second light barrier (7) detects the rotational movement of the second encoding element. An electronic evaluation unit (8) detects and evaluates signals originating from the first light barrier (6) and second light barrier (7), with at least one elastic element that is deformable according to a torque acting upon it being provided between the first (2) and the second component (3). When the torque changes, a change in the angle-of-rotation position of the components (2, 3) in relation to one another can be identified and the torque calculated on that basis.

The displacement detecting apparatus acquires a quantity of a relative rotational displacement between a scale and a detecting head, based on a change of outputs of the light-receiving elements. The displacement detecting apparatus acquires the quantity of the relative rotational displacement between the scale and the detecting head, by combining a quantity of a rough relative rotational displacement between the scale and the detecting head, which has been acquired from an output of the total of light quantities that are output from each of the light-receiving elements in the detecting head, with a quantity of a fine relative rotational displacement between the scale and the detecting head, which has been acquired from an incremental displacement signal that is output from each of the light-receiving elements in the detecting head.

A device measures a force and/or torque with a deformation body. The device includes a first fastening element, a second fastening element arranged spaced apart in a direction from the first fastening element and at least one length element arranged between the two fastening elements. The device has and comprising a first end, a second end and a length along a longitudinal direction. A force acting on the deformation body or a torque acting on the deformation body leads to a deformation of the length element. An input-side input of a mechanical amplifier is fastened to the deformation body by means of a coupling element. A material measure is arranged on an output-side output of the mechanical amplifier and a deformation of the length element leads to a movement of the material measure. The movement of the material measure can be detected by a scanning element.