Embodiments of the disclosure are drawn to apparatuses and methods for anomalous gas concentration detection. A spectroscopic system, such as a wavelength modulated spectroscopy (WMS) system may measure gas concentrations in a target area. However, noise, such as speckle noise, may interfere with measuring relatively low concentrations of gas, and may lead to false positives. A noise model, which includes a contribution from a speckle noise model, may be used to process data from the spectroscopic system. An adaptive threshold may be applied based on an expected amount of noise. A speckle filter may remove measurements which are outliers based on a measurement of their noise. Plume detection may be used to determine a presence of gas plumes. Each of these processing steps may be associated with a confidence, which may be used to determine an overall confidence in the processed measurements/gas plumes.

A wireless sensing device for environmental monitoring of a location is provided. The sensing device includes an electronic system and a housing for securing and protecting the electronic system in a cavity therein. The housing includes a vented top portion defining the cavity, and a wicking base portion including wicking material attached to and covering an exposed underside of the top portion. The electronic system includes: a temperature and humidity sensor for sensing a current temperature and humidity of the location and converting the sensed temperature and humidity to temperature and humidity signals; a wireless transmitter for periodically wirelessly transmitting the temperature and humidity signals from the location to an external computing device; an alerting device for providing an audible, visual, or tactile signal from the location in order to alert a user of a condition of interest; and a microcontroller for controlling the electronic system devices.

Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed for leak detection from a thief hatch. An example thief hatch includes a vent control stem coupled to first and second sealing plates, the first and second sealing plates to control fluid flow through the thief hatch based on translation of the vent control stem, and an indicator extending from the vent control stem to provide a visual indication of a condition of the fluid flow.

A liquid cooling distribution system can be installed to an information technology (IT) rack to deliver and distribute fluid to IT equipment. The liquid cooling system can include a fluid manifold and a container that is arranged to capture a fluid that leaks from the fluid manifold. A first fluid sensor can be arranged to detect the fluid at a first position in the container. A controller can be configured to reduce a flow of the fluid into the fluid manifold and pump out fluid from the fluid manifold, in response to the fluid in the container being detected at the first position. Further remedial measure can be taken based on various detected leak scenarios.

Systems and methods for transmitting power to wirelessly powered sensors using a pipeline as a circular waveguide are disclosed. In an embodiment, a transmitter transmits electromagnetic waves to at least one wirelessly powered sensor positioned along the pipeline, wherein the pipeline is used as a waveguide to transmit the electromagnetic waves using a particular waveguide mode form of electromagnetic radiation, where the at least one wirelessly powered sensor is configured to be operated without a battery and to be powered by the electromagnetic waves emitted by the electromagnetic transmitter and senses at least one characteristic of the pipeline.

Systems and methods for transmitting power to wirelessly powered sensors using a pipeline as a circular waveguide are disclosed. In an embodiment, a transmitter transmits electromagnetic waves to at least one wirelessly powered sensor positioned along the pipeline, wherein the pipeline is used as a waveguide to transmit the electromagnetic waves using a particular waveguide mode form of electromagnetic radiation, where the at least one wirelessly powered sensor is configured to be operated without a battery and to be powered by the electromagnetic waves emitted by the electromagnetic transmitter and senses at least one characteristic of the pipeline.

An in situ leakage detection system for protecting and monitoring buried non-metallic pipelines is provided. The system includes flexible composite mats arranged below and above the pipeline. Sensors, including, distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFS) are affixed to the pipe-facing mat surfaces and extend lengthwise along the pipeline. An optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) reading unit is configured to provide optical signals to the DOFS and analyze the returned optical signal. The OTDR unit can measure frequency and amplitude of anti-Stoke components of Raman scattering signals and a time-distance of the signals to detect localized changes in temperature along the pipeline. The system is further configured to detect leaks and determine a location of the leaks from the foregoing temperature changes and time-distance information. A method of installing and operating an in situ leakage detection system is also provided.

An in situ leakage detection system for protecting and monitoring buried non-metallic pipelines is provided. The system includes flexible composite mats arranged below and above the pipeline. Sensors, including, distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFS) are affixed to the pipe-facing mat surfaces and extend lengthwise along the pipeline. An optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) reading unit is configured to provide optical signals to the DOFS and analyze the returned optical signal. The OTDR unit can measure frequency and amplitude of anti-Stoke components of Raman scattering signals and a time-distance of the signals to detect localized changes in temperature along the pipeline. The system is further configured to detect leaks and determine a location of the leaks from the foregoing temperature changes and time-distance information. A method of installing and operating an in situ leakage detection system is also provided.

In some embodiments, data from multiple vehicle-based natural gas leak detection survey runs are used by computer-implemented machine learning systems to generate a list of natural gas leaks ranked by hazard level. A risk model embodies training data having known hazard levels, and is used to classify newly-discovered leaks. Hazard levels may be expressed by continuous variables, and/or probabilities that a given leak fits within a predefined category of hazard (e.g. Grades 1-3). Each leak is represented by a cluster of leak indications (peaks) originating from a common leak sources. Hazard-predictive features may include maximum, minimum, mean, and/or median CH4/amplitude of aggregated leak indications; estimated leak flow rate, determined from an average of leak indications in a cluster; likelihood of leak being natural gas based on other indicator data (e.g. ethane concentration); probability the leak was detected on a given pass; and estimated distance to leak source.

A method of fabricating a conduit comprises steps of attaching a first tubular-outboard-ply end of a tubular outboard ply to a first inner collar portion of a first collar with a third weld and attaching a second tubular-outboard-ply end to a second inner collar portion of a second collar with a fifth weld. The method additionally comprises steps of interconnecting the first inner collar portion and a first outer collar portion of the first collar with a first weld and interconnecting the second inner collar portion and a second outer collar portion of the second collar with a sixth weld. The method also comprises attaching a trimmed first corrugated-inboard-ply end to the first outer collar portion with a second weld, attaching a trimmed second corrugated-inboard-ply end to the second outer collar portion with a fourth weld, and communicatively coupling a first sensor with an interstitial space.