A system for heat exchange and leak detection is generally provided, the system including a heat exchanger including a first wall defining a first passage containing a first fluid. A leak detection enclosure containing a leak detection medium is defined between the first wall and a second wall surrounding the first wall.

The apparatus is used for testing heat exchangers having mutually separate first and second flow paths. The apparatus provides a high pressure fluid source (10) to connect with a first pressure-sealed flow path of the heat exchanger under test. A volumetric sensor (VS) is connected to a selected pressure-sealed flow path, having a sensing chamber arranged to receive fluid from the selected flow path. The sensing chamber is connected to a further fluid source such as a compressed air reservoir (16) which provides a high pressure gas supply. Movement of a magnetic float within the sensing chamber is detected by an array of Hall effect sensors, enabling a CPU to calculate the rate of leakage between the two flow paths which may be signaled to a local display and/or alarm or remotely via an internet connection.

A hydronic heating system that may depend on pressure in the system for smooth operation. The pressure may be monitored. Pressure in the system may indicate health of the heating system. Certain pressures or variations of pressures may indicate one or more conditions in the system which may be good or adverse. An example of an adverse condition may be leakage of fluid from the system. Analyzes of pressures detected in the heating system may be performed by a computer programmed to indicate conditions of the system that are reflected by the detected pressures.

A system for heat exchange and leak detection is generally provided, the system including a heat exchanger including a first wall defining a first passage containing a first fluid. A leak detection enclosure containing a leak detection medium is defined between the first wall and a second wall surrounding the first wall.

A method of manufacturing an air-conditioning apparatus serving as a refrigeration cycle apparatus includes: performing an operation test in a factory under a state in which inert gas (nitrogen) is sealed into respective devices mounted on an outdoor unit (such as a compressor and a four-way valve) and an outdoor pipe connecting the devices in place of refrigerant having flammability; and shipping the air-conditioning apparatus under the state in which the inert gas remains sealed.

A transformer system includes a transformer and a transformer tank housing the transformer in a bath of a coolant; and a plurality of radiator systems operative to transfer heat from the coolant, each radiator system being in fluid communication with the transformer tank. The transformer system also includes means for determining an occurrence of a potential coolant leak in one or more radiator system of the plurality of radiator systems; and means for isolating only radiator systems of the plurality of radiator systems that are leaking, in response to a determination of the occurrence of the potential coolant leak.

An apparatus for minimizing the volume of coolant leaked in liquid cooled electronic equipment, the apparatus including a server rack, a plurality of closed liquid cooling loops, a plurality of liquid to liquid heat exchangers, and a plurality of pumps. The closed liquid cooling loops are coupled to at least one of the servers in the server rack. Each of the closed liquid cooling loops restricts coolant flow entirely within the server rack. The closed liquid cooling loops may provide the entire volume of coolant provided to each server in the server rack.

A hydronic heating system that may depend on pressure in the system for smooth operation. The pressure may be monitored. Pressure in the system may indicate health of the heating system. Certain pressures or variations of pressures may indicate one or more conditions in the system which may be good or adverse. An example of an adverse condition may be leakage of fluid from the system. Analyses of pressures detected in the heating system may be performed by a computer programmed to indicate conditions of the system that are reflected by the detected pressures.

Provided are an apparatus and method of sensing liquid leakage for a lithography apparatus, which can prevent a collector mirror from being contaminated by sensing leakage of cooling water supplied to the collector mirror of an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light generating apparatus. The liquid leakage sensing apparatus includes a collector mirror module, a cooling unit configured to supply a cooling water to one surface of the collector mirror module, a gas supply unit configured to supply a water soluble gas to the cooling unit, and a sensing unit configured to sense the water soluble gas having leaked to the outside of the cooling unit.

A method is for the leak testing and/or leakage measurement of a component with a plurality of channels. The method includes applying a predefined input state to an input configuration of channels of the component, measuring an output state at an output configuration of channels of the component, and determining a leakage state and/or a leakage rate of the component based on the measurement. The input configuration has at least two channels of the component and the output configuration has at least one other channel of the component, or the input configuration has at least one channel of the component and the output configuration has at least two other channels of the component