The present invention relates to a method and system for measuring total chloride content in a process product stream. In particular, the present invention relates to a method of measuring hydrogen chloride and organochloride content, in situ, for a gaseous refinery process product stream. This method allows for measurement of hydrogen chloride and organochloride content in a single test method, which allows for optimised performance and maintenance schedules for chloride guard beds used within the refinery process.

A relief valve in a hydrocarbon site is shown. The relief valve is disposed within a housing. The housing includes a first engagement component coupled with a valve spring and a second engagement component axially aligned with the first engagement component. The second engagement component is configured to engage with the first engagement component during an operation cycle to translate the stem along the axis in response to the pressure within the relief valve being above the predetermined threshold. In some embodiments, the second engagement component is formed at least in part of a carbide substrate.

To sample cooling water from a discharge pipe under vacuum, with a simple structure and without using a large-scale device. Provided is a sampling system for sampling cooling water flowing through a discharge pipe extending from a condenser to a sea. The sampling system includes: a bypass pipe branched off from the discharge pipe and joining the discharge pipe; two shutoff valves provided in the bypass pipe; a sampling pipe branched off from the bypass pipe between the two shutoff valves; a vent pipe branched off from the bypass pipe between the two shutoff valves; a sampling valve provided in the sampling pipe; and a vent valve provided in the vent pipe.

Various implementations include a device for analyzing total organic carbon (TOC) within a fluid. The device includes a primary container, an input conduit, and an output conduit. The primary container is hollow and has a primary side wall and a primary end wall. The primary side wall has an inner surface defining a primary cavity and an outer surface opposite and spaced apart from the inner surface. The primary end wall includes a septum that is resiliently penetrable by an analyzer needle of a grab analysis port of a TOC analyzer. The input conduit has an input lumen. The input conduit extends through the primary container such that the input lumen is in fluid communication with the primary cavity. The output conduit has an output lumen.

Methods and apparatuses for fluid sensing system are disclosed. The method can include providing a first portion of a sample fluid in a sensing channel, holding the first portion of the sample fluid in the sensing channel for a first diffusion period, after the first diffusion period, providing a second portion of the sample fluid in the sensing channel, holding the second portion of the sample fluid in the sensing channel for a second diffusion period, and after the second diffusion period, sensing the second portion of the sample fluid in the sensing channel by a sensing element. Providing pulses of sample with intervening diffusion periods can produce more uniform analyte concentration across sensors with less overall volume of sample fluid.

A self-propelled combine for collecting and handling harvested material and a method for cleaning and/or referencing an optical measuring device of the self-propelled combine are disclosed. The self-propelled combine has a bypass device with an optical measuring device for determining harvested material properties of the partial flow of harvested material.

An automated computer-controlled sampling system and related methods for collecting, processing, and analyzing agricultural samples for various chemical properties such as plant available nutrients. The sampling system allows multiple samples to be processed and analyzed for different analytes or chemical properties in a simultaneous concurrent or semi-concurrent manner. Advantageously, the system can process soil samples in the “as collected” condition without drying or grinding. The system generally includes a sample preparation sub-system which receives soil samples collected by a probe collection sub-system and produces a slurry (i.e. mixture of soil, vegetation, and/or manure and water), and a chemical analysis sub-system which processes the prepared slurry samples for quantifying multiple analytes and/or chemical properties of the sample. The sample preparation and chemical analysis sub-systems can be used to analyze soil, vegetation, and/or manure samples. A soil collection system is disclosed which captures and directs samples to the sampling system for processing.

The present invention relates to a microfluidic particle analysis device comprising an inlet in fluid communication via a main channel defining a main flow direction with an inlet manifold providing parallel fluid communication with a bypass channel of hydrodynamic resistance R.sub.bypass, and a measuring channel of hydrodynamic resistance R.sub.measuring, the measuring channel having a cross-sectional dimension in the range of from 1 μm to 50 μm and further having a sensor system for detecting a particle, wherein a flow distribution parameter X.sub.measuring=R.sub.measuring.sup.−1(R.sub.measuring.sup.−1+R.sub.bypass.sup.−1).sup.−1 is in the range from 10.sup.−6 to 0.25, wherein the angle of the measuring channel relative to the main flow direction is in the range of 0° to 60°, and wherein the angle of the bypass channel relative to the main flow direction is in the range of 0° to 60°, and the microfluidic particle analysis device further comprising an outlet in fluid communication with the bypass channel and the measuring channel. The present invention relates to a method of using the device microfluidic particle analysis.

A water quality management method for performing at least one of a quantitative analysis and a qualitative analysis of fine particles contained in water to be analyzed that includes connecting a filtration device provided with a fine particle capturing membrane for capturing fine particles to a flow pipe through which the water to be analyzed flows, allowing the water to be analyzed to flow from the flow pipe and through the fine particle capturing membrane attached to the filtration device for a predetermined period of time to capture fine particles contained in the water to be analyzed to form a fine particle capturing membrane sample, and performing at least one of a quantitative analysis and a qualitative analysis of the fine particle capturing membrane sample of a target water flow period at an arbitrary timing.

An analytical toilet comprising a bowl adapted to receive excreta; one or more conduits for transporting a sample from the bowl; one or more fluid sources in fluid connection with the one or more conduits; and one or more microfluidic chips, comprising at least one fluid inlet; at least one fluid outlet; and a sensor configured to detect at least one property of an excreta sample is disclosed.