A device for detecting at least one analyte, for example a cell, in a sample fluid, the device comprising a fluid channel having a longitudinal channel axis and structured to allow the sample fluid containing at least one analyte to pass through the fluid channel, at least one pair of electrodes, an electric field generating unit for generating an electric field between the at least one pair of electrodes, a detecting unit for detecting the at least one analyte in the sample fluid based on its passage through the electric field, wherein each electrode of the at least one pair of electrodes has a three-dimensionally structured electrode surface, which electrode surface is curved about the longitudinal channel axis. The device may further comprise an optic sensing unit structured to optically sense a sensing region of the fluid channel between the at least one pair of electrodes.

A lab on a chip device includes a whole blood inlet port and microchannels to transport a whole blood sample or plasma skimmed from the whole blood sample into a detection chamber that includes at least one 3-electrode set of a counter electrode, a working electrode and a reference electrode. The counter electrode, the working electrode and the reference electrode may present bare, unmodified surfaces that are disposed so that clozapine present in the whole blood sample is detected via a reduction-oxidation reaction. Alternatively, the working electrode surface may include catechol grafted to chitosan. A method of detecting analytes and biomarkers includes collecting a whole blood sample, loading the sample into a point-of-care testing (POCT) device that includes at least one working electrode; testing the sample for the occurrence of a redox reaction; and calculating the total oxidative charge when the working electrode is bare or modified as before.

A nano-Coulter counter (nCC) device can include: an inlet; a plurality of nanochannels having a nanopore, wherein each nanochannel includes an inlet tapered region coupled to an inlet of the nanopore, wherein each nanopore has the second cross-dimension of at least about 50 nm to about 300 nm, and a pore length of at least about 50 nm to about 300 nm, wherein each nanochannel includes an outlet expansion region coupled to an outlet of the nanopore that expands from the second cross-dimension to a third cross-dimension that is larger than the second cross-dimension; an outlet microchannel fluidly coupled to an outlet of each of the plurality of nanochannels; an electrode pair having one electrode at the inlet microchannel and another electrode at the outlet microchannel; a power source electrically coupled with the electrode pair; and a pump operably coupled with the plurality of nanochannels.

Systems and methods to integrate electrical sensors comprising parallel electrodes into microfluidic devices that are manufactured using soft lithography are disclosed herein. With minimal fabrication complexity, more uniform electric fields than conventional coplanar electrodes are produced. The methods disclosed are also more suitable for the construction of complex electrical sensor networks in microfluidic devices due to greater layout flexibility and provide improved sensitivity over conventional coplanar electrodes.

The control voltage correction method corrects a control voltage that causes a dielectrophoretic force to act on dielectric particles contained in the first fluid injected into a fluid chip. The control voltage correction method includes measuring an impedance between first electrodes in a fluid chip through the first fluid or a second fluid, calculating a correction coefficient based on the measured impedance and a fluid impedance derived by a mathematical formula, and correcting a control voltage based on the correction coefficient. The fluid impedance indicates an impedance of the first fluid or the second fluid. The first fluid is a fluid containing dielectric particles and other particles. The second fluid is the same type of fluid as the fluid excluding the dielectric particles and the other particles from the first fluid.

A pore device has a device main body and a sealing member. The device main body has a first chamber and a second chamber that communicate through a pore, and at least one injection port through which an electrolyte solution is injected into the first chamber and the second chamber. The device main body has inside thereof a hydrophilic group provided thereto. The sealing member is structured to seal the injection port, while the first chamber and the second chamber are filled with the electrolyte solution.

A pore device can accommodate a pore chip. A body has the internal space partitioned by the pore chip into a first chamber and a second chamber. A substrate is connected to the body and has formed thereon electrodes which are at least partially exposed to the internal space of the body. Each of the electrodes has a first metal layer formed on the substrate; and a carbon barrier layer formed in a layer above the first metal layer, in a part exposed to the internal space of the body.

An electrode probing structure includes a first array of electrodes arranged to be radially spaced apart about a spatial point. A second array of electrodes is arranged parallel to the first array of electrodes, creating a space between the first array and the second array. An inlet is disposed adjacent the first or the second array of electrodes to introduce a fluid containing particles into the space between the first and the second array of electrodes. One or more outlets are disposed adjacent the first or the second array of electrodes to remove the particles from the space between the first and second array of electrodes. Each pair of parallel electrodes of the first array of electrodes and the second array of electrodes, when provided with an electric potential, generates signals corresponding to at least one characteristic of the particles present in the space between the electrodes.

A pore-based device has a first liquid chamber and a second liquid chamber separated by a partition having a pore. A measuring instrument is structured to measure a current signal flowing between a first electrode provided in the first liquid chamber and a second electrode provided in the second liquid chamber. A pressure controller is structured to generate pressure difference between the first liquid chamber and the second liquid chamber. A tank is connected between a pump and the pore-based device. The pump is structured to remain stopped during the measurement.

An electrochemical microsensor comprising an array of working microelectrodes, the working microelectrodes include: one or more bare microelectrodes; one or more thick film-coated microelectrodes, optionally with conductive additive incorporated into the coating, selected from the group consisting of polysaccharide-coated microelectrodes and platinum black-coated microelectrodes; one or more thin film-coated microelectrodes selected from the group consisting of reduced graphene oxide-coated microelectrode and transition metal chalcogenide-coated microelectrodes; wherein the electrochemical microsensor further comprises a counter electrode and optionally one or more reference microelectrode(s).