Systems and methods for powder bed additive manufacturing can include sensing a powder bed with an eddy current (EC) sensor to obtain an EC sensor measurement, sensing the powder bed with a secondary sensor to obtain a topographical measurement, and determining a property in the powder bed based on the EC sensor measurement and the topographical measurement.

An example system includes a light intensity measuring apparatus couplable to a food processing apparatus and a computing system. The light intensity measuring apparatus includes a chamber configured to receive a water sample from the food processing apparatus, a light source, a detector configured to detect light that has passed through the water sample and measure multiple times intensities of wavelengths of the light to obtain multiple sets of measured intensities of wavelengths, and a communication module configured to provide the multiple sets of measured intensities of wavelengths. The computing system may receive the multiple sets of measured intensities, process the multiple sets to obtain a set of values, apply a first set of decision trees to the set of values to obtain a first result indicating a positive or negative foodborne pathogen detection, generate a notification indicating either the positive of negative detection, and provide the notification.

An example system includes a light intensity measuring apparatus couplable to a food processing apparatus and a computing system. The light intensity measuring apparatus includes a chamber configured to receive a water sample from the food processing apparatus, a light source, a detector configured to detect light that has passed through the water sample and measure multiple times intensities of wavelengths of the light to obtain multiple sets of measured intensities of wavelengths, and a communication module configured to provide the multiple sets of measured intensities of wavelengths. The computing system may receive the multiple sets of measured intensities, process the multiple sets to obtain a set of values, apply a first set of decision trees to the set of values to obtain a first result indicating a positive or negative foodborne pathogen detection, generate a notification indicating either the positive of negative detection, and provide the notification.

In a coating evaluation device and a coating evaluation method, information on a coating is acquired. The information on a coating includes material information representing a material of a coating surface, and at least one of shape information representing a curved shape of the coating surface, and surface roughness information representing a surface roughness of the coating surface. An evaluation value that corresponds to a combination of the material information, the shape information, and the surface roughness information is estimated by using an evaluation model that outputs a brilliance evaluation value pertaining to the coating surface in response to an input including the material information, the shape information, and the surface roughness information.

The present inventive concept relates to a method (100) for identifying a set of candidate substances of a sample (10) using a Raman spectroscopy device (200). The method (100) comprises recording (120) a Raman spectrum using an exposure time, and recording (162) a further Raman spectrum using a further exposure time. The further Raman spectrum may exhibit Raman peaks not recorded/detected in the Raman spectrum which possibly reduces the set of candidate substances. If necessary, one or more additional Raman spectra are recorded to further reduce the set of candidate substances, such that a single candidate substance eventually remains, thereby deemed to be a substance of the sample (10). A Raman spectroscopy device (200), a computer program and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium are also provided.

Variable-angle ellipsometry is performed using a high speed polarization state modulator, a photodetector, and a digital micromirror device or spinning disk to encode the angle of incidence of light with a high sampling rate in a time domain or frequency domain. A variable-angle ellipsometer uses a high speed, axially stationary polarization state modulator, such as a photoelastic modulator, and a high speed detector, such as a photodiode, for high speed data acquisition. To acquire data at a plurality of incident angles, a lens is used to generate a large incident angle distribution along an optical axis that is at an oblique angle of incidence and discrete or combinations of incident angles of light are selected in a sequence in the time domain or modulated over a plurality of incident angles in the frequency domain.