The disclosure discloses a cone penetrometer for detecting multi-pollutants and the corresponding method based on laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and time domain reflectometry (TDR). The cone penetrometer includes two main modules: the TDR module mainly composes of a PEEK insulating rod, two gold-coated stainless steel probes and a coaxial cable; the LIF module mainly composes of endoscope image sensor, alumina glass lens, an ultraviolet LED with a 280 nm-wavelength, and an ultraviolet LED with a 325 nm-wavelength. Detection is performed to obtain the soil dielectric constant for characterizing the volumetric water content, electrical conductivity for the content of ionic pollutants, fluorescence intensity at 325 nm-wavelength for the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, fluorescence intensity at 280 nm-wavelength for the content of humic acid, and soil images for soil types. The disclosure is easy to carry, able to quickly identify multi-pollutants, and is suitable for in-situ deep detection in solid waste landfill sites.