An electronic device may include an optical sensor configured to emit a reference light to a reference object and detect the reference light reflected from the reference object during calibration, and emit a measurement light to a target object and detect the measurement light reflected from the target object during a measurement; and a processor configured to perform the calibration of the optical sensor while the electronic device is disposed to oppose or in contact with the reference object by controlling the optical sensor to emit and detect the reference light, and estimate bio-information based on a light quantity of the measurement light that is reflected from the target object by the optical sensor, and a light quantity of the reference light reflected from the reference object.

In a gas sensing system, an emitter emits light through a gas toward a concave reflective surface. The reflective surface reflects the light toward a sensor while light that passes through a porous scattering material is scattered. The surface of the reflective surface provides a diffusion of the light. A concentration of the gas is detected by the sensor. The scattering material may be permeable or non-permeable to the gas. The scattering and reflecting of the light increases the distance the light travels from the emitter to the sensor to increase absorption of the light by the gas.

A gas sensing system measures a concentration of a gas sample having an absorption peak at a first wavelength. An emitter emits light having a spectrum that includes at least the first wavelength. A sensor detects at least some of the light emitted by the emitter. A porous scattering material is substantially transparent at the first wavelength and scatters at least some of the light. A surface of the porous scattering material opposing the emitter and the sensor has a depression. The emitter and the sensor are laterally and vertically separated by a separator filling the depression. The separator specularly or diffusively reflects the light emitted by the emitter.

To provide a concentration measurement method with which the concentrations of predetermined chemical components can be measured non-destructively, accurately, and rapidly by a simple means, up to the concentrations in trace amount ranges, as well as a concentration measurement method with which the concentrations of chemical components in a measurement target can be accurately and rapidly measured in real time up to the concentrations in nano-order trace amount ranges, and which is endowed with a versatility that can be realized in a variety of embodiments and modes. In the present invention, a measurement target is irradiated, in a time sharing manner, with light of a first wavelength and light of a second wavelength that have different optical absorption rates with respect to the measurement target. The light of each wavelength, arriving optically via the measurement target as a result of irradiation with the light of each wavelength, is received at a shared light-receiving sensor. A differential signal is formed, the differential signal being of a signal pertaining to the light of the first wavelength and a signal pertaining to the light of the second wavelength, the signals outputted from the light-receiving sensor upon receipt of the light. The concentration of a chemical component in the measurement target is derived on the basis of the differential signal.

A tissue inflammation detection system (600) including: a light emitter (602) configured to emit light towards tissue (604); at least one light detector (606) configured to detect diffuse reflective light from the tissue; and a controller (613) including a tissue inflammation detection unit (614) configured to analyze the detected diffuse reflective light in its spectral components. The tissue inflammation detection unit is configured to: determine a tissue contribution from a first wavelength region of a diffuse reflective spectroscopy signal where the diffuse reflective spectroscopy signal is dominated by tissue; extrapolate the tissue contribution to a second wavelength region where the diffuse reflective spectroscopy signal includes at least one detectable hemoglobin absorption feature; subtract the extrapolated tissue contribution from the diffuse reflectance signal; and determine the degree of tissue inflammation.

A plurality of color sensing sections are attached to a toilet seat so as to test a health state or a fecal occult blood portion every time by capturing the feces surface color during defecation. Before feces which have been excreted from a body sink into a water-seal portion, the circumference of the feces is optically captured to detect the color of the surface of the feces. By monitoring changes in color, the health state of the defecator is monitored. In particular, by checking the presence/absence of an occult blood portion, the present invention assists in early detection of colorectal cancer and allows a fecal occult blood test to be performed in a hygienic manner without burdening the user.

Devices, methods, systems, and computer-readable media for a dual wavelength source gas sensor are described herein. One or more embodiments include a gas sensor, comprising: a dual wavelength source to transmit a first wavelength and a second wavelength via an optical path, wherein a gas is present through the optical path, a detector to receive the first wavelength and the second wavelength via the optical path, and a computing device coupled to the detector to determine an determine a signal intensity for the first wavelength and the second wavelength.

A method for detecting an ice on a road surface includes: providing a spectral imaging camera; recording a first reflectance (R1) of the surface at 0.545 to 0.565 μm using the spectral imaging camera; recording a second reflectance (R2) of the surface at 0.620 to 0.670 μm using the spectral imaging camera; recording a third reflectance (R3) of the surface at 0.841 to 0.876 μm using the spectral imaging camera; calculating an ice index based on the first reflectance, the second reflectance, and the third reflectance; providing a thermometer; recording a surface temperature of the surface using the thermometer; and detecting a presence of the ice on the surface based on the ice index and the surface temperature. A system for detecting an ice on a surface is also disclosed.

Disclosed are optical computing devices that employ birefringent optical elements configured for use in optical computing devices. One optical computing device includes a polarizer configured to generate at least x polarized light and y polarized light, a birefringent integrated computational element configured to optically interact with a substance and the polarizer, thereby generating optically interacted light, and at least one detector arranged to receive the optically interacted light and generate an output signal corresponding to a characteristic of the substance.

Devices, methods, systems and procedures for localized, targeted treatment of angiogenic-based therapy in at least one region of interest in one or more layers of cardiac tissue. Various methods can include diagnosing a patient with ischemic heart disease or “at-risk” of manifesting ischemic heart disease, placing the patient into a specific angiogenic-based treatment therapy group, collecting image data, confirming image data and other diagnostic test results, developing a preoperative plan to target region of interest, inserting the catheter into a heart chamber, monitoring the distal end of the catheter tip within the heart on a visual display, contacting at least one layer of cardiac tissue, creating one or more channels in the heart tissue and/or administering the angiogenic-based therapy.