Systems, apparatus and methods determine the presence of a volatile substance in expired breath. Alcohol concentrations can be determined from expired breath through the use of electromagnetic detection. The systems, apparatus and methods allow measurements of volatile substances to be done accurately and quickly over a wide range of temperatures, and are easily incorporated into vehicles.

In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a method for managing a command queue in a universal flash storage (UFS) host device. The method includes determining to power on a first subsystem of a system-on-a-chip (SoC), wherein the determination to power on the first subsystem is made by a second subsystem of the SoC based on detection of user identity data contained in a first image frame during an initial biometric detection process. In certain aspects, the second subsystem is configured to operate independent of the first subsystem and control power to the first subsystem. In certain aspects, the second subsystem includes a second optical sensor, a set of ambient sensors, and a second processor configured to detect, via a set of ambient sensors, an event comprising one or more of an environmental event outside of the device or a motion event of the device.

The present invention concerns a method for determining at least one absorption band in a spectrum, the method at least comprising the steps of:—providing a measured absorption spectrum from the sample,—providing a calculation spectrum,—from the calculation spectrum, extracting at least one absorption band,—calculating a residual spectrum by removing each extracted absorption band from the calculation spectrum, testing whether a predefined stop criterion is fulfilled by the residual spectrum,—if the stop criterion is not fulfilled, using the residual spectrum as the calculation spectrum and iterating the extracting step, the forming step, the calculating step and the testing step, and—if the stop criterion is fulfilled, outputting each extracted absorption band.

Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with automated calibration in electromagnetic scanners are described. In one embodiment, a method includes: detecting one or more peak frequency bands in electromagnetic signals collected by the electromagnetic scanner at a geographic location; comparing the one or more peak frequency bands to broadcast frequencies assigned to local radio stations of the geographic location; and indicating that the electromagnetic scanner is calibrated by finding at least one match between one peak frequency band of the peak frequency bands and one of the broadcast frequencies. An electromagnetic scanner may be recalibrated based on comparing the one or more peak frequency bands to broadcast frequencies.

Spectra matching is widely used in various applications including the search for a spectrum of an unknown or subject material, chemical, or compound in an existing spectral database and quality control by means of comparing the spectra of products with standards. New systems and methods are described for identifying an unknown compound by calculating the similarities of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of organic compounds. The systems and methods incrementally calculate the spectral similarity based on the local spectral shapes. This reduces the bias caused by uneven weighing of large or broader peaks. In addition, the new systems and methods tolerant to the common issues in spectra matching including baseline offset, baseline sloping, and deviations in wavenumber axis alignment, suggesting its robustness and practical applicability.

Systems, methods, and other embodiments associated with automated calibration in electromagnetic scanners are described. In one embodiment, a method includes: detecting one or more peak frequency bands in electromagnetic signals collected by the electromagnetic scanner at a geographic location; comparing the one or more peak frequency bands to broadcast frequencies assigned to local radio stations of the geographic location; and indicating that the electromagnetic scanner is calibrated by finding at least one match between one peak frequency band of the peak frequency bands and one of the broadcast frequencies. An electromagnetic scanner may be recalibrated based on comparing the one or more peak frequency bands to broadcast frequencies.

An analysis system includes a separation system that provides compounds to a sample cell of a spectrometric system. The system analyzes spectral information from the spectrometric system by optimizing retention windows for the compounds and identifies quantities of the compounds by comparing spectral information within and outside the respective retention windows.

A method for monitoring air quality is described. The method includes measuring ethane and methane using a mobile sensor platform to provide sensor data. The sensor data includes methane data and ethane data captured at a nonzero mobile sensor platform speed. Methane and ethane peak(s) are identified in the sensor data. Correlation(s) between the methane and ethane peak(s) and/or between the methane peak(s) and at least one amount of .sup.13C are determined. A source for the methane is determined based on the correlation.

A method for analyzing a spectral signature of a compound specimen is provided. The method includes illuminating a compound specimen with a light in a predetermined spectrum; obtaining a spectral signature of the compound specimen, the spectral signature including at least one light property of a plurality of wavelengths in the spectrum transmitted through the compound specimen; extracting characterizing features of the spectral signature, the characterizing features being light properties of predetermined wavelengths within the spectrum; and comparing the characterizing features with corresponding features stored in a database, the corresponding features are corresponding properties of an expected spectral signature of a specimen including an examined substance.

A method—for measuring an amount of a gaseous species present in a gas—comprises placing the gas between a light source and a measurement photodetector. The light source is able to emit an incident light wave that propagates through the gas to the measurement photodetector. The gas is illuminated with the light source. A measurement intensity, of the light wave transmitted by the gas, is measured with the measurement photodetector. An intensity of a reference light wave, emitted by the light source in a reference spectral band, is measured with a reference photodetector. The illumination and measuring are performed at multiple measurement times, at each of which the gas's absorption of the incident light wave is estimated and an amount of the gaseous species is estimated on the basis of the estimated absorption. Estimating the absorption comprises applying a correction function, that varies over time, to the reference intensity.