Method for determining the UV transmittance of water in a UV disinfection plant, through which water flows, wherein the UV disinfection plant has a plurality of radiator arrangements, each with a UV radiation source, a sleeve tube which surrounds the UV radiation source and which has an end face at an open end, and with a UV-C sensor which detects the UV radiation emerging from the sleeve tube without the influence of the water, and with at least one further UV sensor which is arranged at a distance from the sleeve tubes of the radiator arrangements, wherein the method includes the following steps: measuring the UV radiant power emerging from the sleeve tube; measuring an amount of the transmitted radiant power by the further UV sensor; and determining the transmittance of the water by an amount of the emerged radiant power and of the transmitted radiant power.

Apparatus and methods for forming an image of an object which involves focusing partially to fully spatially-coherent radiation onto a sample and collecting the resulting scattered radiation (the “standard data set”) on an array detector. In addition to the standard dataset, an additional measurement or plurality of measurements is made of a relatively-unscattered beam, using the array detector, which comprises the “modulus enforced probe (MEP) dataset”. This MEP dataset serves as an extra constraint, called the MEP constraint, in the phase retrieval algorithm used to reconstruct the image of the object.

Apparatus and methods for forming an image of an object which involves focusing partially to fully spatially-coherent radiation onto a sample and collecting the resulting scattered radiation (the “standard data set”) on an array detector. In addition to the standard dataset, an additional measurement or plurality of measurements is made of a relatively-unscattered beam, using the array detector, which comprises the “modulus enforced probe (MEP) dataset”. This MEP dataset serves as an extra constraint, called the MEP constraint, in the phase retrieval algorithm used to reconstruct the image of the object.

Devices and methods for controlling the properties of chemical species during time-dependent processes. A device includes a reactor for containing one or more chemical species of a time-dependent process, an extraction pump for automatically and continuously extracting an amount of the one or more chemical species from the reactor, one or more detectors for measuring property changes of the one or more extracted chemical species and generating a continuous stream of data related to the one or more property changes to the one or more chemical species during a time interval, and a process controller configured to fit the continuous stream of data to a mathematical function to predict one or more properties of the one or more chemical species at a future time point and make one or more process decisions based on the prediction of one or more properties at the future time point.

A measurement apparatus comprises optical components arranged to provide parallel measurements of a biological sample. The parallel sample measurements provide improved accuracy with lower detection limit thresholds. The parallel measurements may comprise one or more of Raman spectroscopy measurements or infrared spectroscopy measurements. The parallel measurements can be combined with a light source. In many embodiments, the light source comprises one or more wavelengths corresponding to resonance frequencies of one or more molecules of the sample, such as wavelengths of ultraviolet light. The wavelengths of light corresponding to resonance frequencies can provide an increased signal to noise ratio. The parallel array optical configuration can be combined with wavelengths of light corresponding to resonance frequencies in order to provide increased measurement accuracy and detection of metabolites.

A measurement apparatus comprises optical components arranged to provide parallel measurements of a biological sample. The parallel sample measurements provide improved accuracy with lower detection limit thresholds. The parallel measurements may comprise one or more of Raman spectroscopy measurements or infrared spectroscopy measurements. The parallel measurements can be combined with a light source. In many embodiments, the light source comprises one or more wavelengths corresponding to resonance frequencies of one or more molecules of the sample, such as wavelengths of ultraviolet light. The wavelengths of light corresponding to resonance frequencies can provide an increased signal to noise ratio. The parallel array optical configuration can be combined with wavelengths of light corresponding to resonance frequencies in order to provide increased measurement accuracy and detection of metabolites.

A chemical pattern recognition method for evaluating the quality of a traditional Chinese medicine based on medicine effect information, comprising: collecting chemical information of a traditional Chinese medicine sample, obtaining medicine effect information reflecting a clinical therapeutic effect thereof, performing spectrum-effect relationship analysis on the chemical information and the medicine effect information, and obtaining an index significantly related to the medicine effect as a feature chemical index; dividing the traditional Chinese medicine sample into a training set and a test set; using a pattern recognition method to extract a feature variable from samples of the training set by taking the feature chemical index as an input variable; building a pattern recognition model using the feature variable; and substituting feature variable values of samples of the test set into the model, and completing chemical pattern recognition evaluation of the quality of the traditional Chinese medicine. According to the method, chemical reference substances are not needed, the chemical pattern recognition model is built on the basis of the feature chemical index reflecting the medicine effect, the one-sidedness and the subjectivity of the existing standards are overcome, and a traditional Chinese medicine quality evaluation system capable of reflecting both the clinical therapeutic effect and overall chemical composition information is finally formed.

A method for detecting at least one property of a plant product, the method including: directing source light including ultraviolet (UV) light at UV wavelengths and polarized visible and/or near-infrared (VIS/NIR) light at VIS/NIR wavelengths onto a region of the plant product; blocking the polarized VIS/NIR light of the source light, and blocking polarized specular reflection from the region of the plant product, from being transmitted to a visible and/or near-infrared (VIS/NIR) spectrometer; and transmitting a portion of emitted light caused by fluorescence and/or diffuse reflection from the region of the plant product to the visible and/or near-infrared (VIS/NIR) spectrometer.

A method for detecting at least one property of a plant product, the method including: directing source light including ultraviolet (UV) light at UV wavelengths and polarized visible and/or near-infrared (VIS/NIR) light at VIS/NIR wavelengths onto a region of the plant product; blocking the polarized VIS/NIR light of the source light, and blocking polarized specular reflection from the region of the plant product, from being transmitted to a visible and/or near-infrared (VIS/NIR) spectrometer; and transmitting a portion of emitted light caused by fluorescence and/or diffuse reflection from the region of the plant product to the visible and/or near-infrared (VIS/NIR) spectrometer.

A method and a device for determining a degree of thermal hair damage are provided. A method for determining a degree of thermal hair damage includes, during exposure of a hair sample of hair to UV or UV/VIS light, recording a spectrum of at least a portion of the UV or UV/VIS light that has interacted with the hair sample. Further, the method includes comparing at least a portion of the spectrum with a spectroscopic calibration model obtained using UV or UV/VIS spectra and degrees of thermal damage of a plurality of calibration hair samples. Also, the method includes determining the degree of thermal hair damage by using the comparison.