A sensing device comprising: a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor; and one or more optical spectroscopic sensors configured to extract biomarker information from one or more optical measurements of a user.

Modular docking station and methods for sampling and monitoring gas and other fluids, where a sampling device is able to be removably attached to the docking station, thereby allowing the sampling device to be replaced without having to remove or disconnect the docking station from the rest of the sampling system. This allows the docking station to remain connected to the rest of the system with minimal or no interruption and reduces maintenance costs and time when replacing the sampling device.

Modular docking station and methods for sampling and monitoring gas and other fluids, where a sampling device is able to be removably attached to the docking station, thereby allowing the sampling device to be replaced without having to remove or disconnect the docking station from the rest of the sampling system. This allows the docking station to remain connected to the rest of the system with minimal or no interruption and reduces maintenance costs and time when replacing the sampling device.

A lidar system for detection of a gas comprises an optical transceiver for transmitting and receiving optical radiation. A method of operating the system comprises performing spatially scanned sensing measurements of the gas across a system field of view, and analyzing the sensing measurements to determine the presence and location of excess of the gas in the system field of view. Based on the determined location, an adjusted system field of view is determined and spatially scanned sensing measurements of the gas are performed across the adjusted system field of view to obtain sensing measurements at higher spatial resolution.

A lidar system for detection of a gas comprises an optical transceiver for transmitting and receiving optical radiation. A method of operating the system comprises performing spatially scanned sensing measurements of the gas across a system field of view, and analyzing the sensing measurements to determine the presence and location of excess of the gas in the system field of view. Based on the determined location, an adjusted system field of view is determined and spatially scanned sensing measurements of the gas are performed across the adjusted system field of view to obtain sensing measurements at higher spatial resolution.

A method of gas detection comprises emitting radiation of different wavelengths across the absorption spectrum of a gas towards a target area; and analysing the spectrum of returned laser light from the target area to identify the gas in the target area using the time correlation of the emitted radiation and the returning radiation. The radiation is modulated using respective orthogonal modulation codes for the different wavelengths and the modulation codes are modified by the insertion of a gap between each bit of the modulation code, the gap having a duration of at least n-1 bits where n is the number of different wavelengths.

A method of gas detection comprises emitting radiation of different wavelengths across the absorption spectrum of a gas towards a target area; and analysing the spectrum of returned laser light from the target area to identify the gas in the target area using the time correlation of the emitted radiation and the returning radiation. The radiation is modulated using respective orthogonal modulation codes for the different wavelengths and the modulation codes are modified by the insertion of a gap between each bit of the modulation code, the gap having a duration of at least n-1 bits where n is the number of different wavelengths.

A method of measuring the concentration of a gas in a target environment using a laser lidar system, comprises directing a laser beam towards an environment containing the gas, tuning the laser wavelength over a wavelength range including the absorption line of the gas, and measuring intensity of laser light returned from the environment containing the gas, as a result of scattering as a function of time. The intensity vs time is then converted into gas absorption vs wavelength, and the gas absorption vs wavelength is used to determine the concentration of the gas in the target environment

A method of measuring the concentration of a gas in a target environment using a laser lidar system, comprises directing a laser beam towards an environment containing the gas, tuning the laser wavelength over a wavelength range including the absorption line of the gas, and measuring intensity of laser light returned from the environment containing the gas, as a result of scattering as a function of time. The intensity vs time is then converted into gas absorption vs wavelength, and the gas absorption vs wavelength is used to determine the concentration of the gas in the target environment

A laser detection system comprises a sample chamber configured to receive and contain a volume of sample gas, one or more lasers within at least one laser housing, wherein each laser is configured to produce a respective laser beam for excitation of one or more different materials in the sample gas and the one or more lasers are outside the sample chamber, a detector apparatus for detecting light output from the sample chamber, a first optical interface to the sample chamber having at least one window that is at least partially transparent to the laser beams from the one or more lasers, wherein the at least one laser housing is positioned in a close-coupling arrangement relative to the at least one window of the first optical interface such that, in use, the laser beams are substantially unmodified by passage between the laser housing and the at least one window.