Systems and methods for reflectance imaging using visible and/or non-visible light and optical sensors in a probe for use in a fluid transport pipeline are provided. One or more light beams may be emitted towards a bore-defining surface of a pipe wall. One or more first optical sensors may sense first image data based on light scattered by incidence of the light beams on the bore-defining surface. The first image data may be used to determine a first distance value corresponding to a distance of the bore-defining surface from a first reference point. The first image data may be used to determine a plurality of speckle patterns from the first image data, each speckle pattern associated with light scattered from light-scattering particles contained in the fluid at a corresponding time, and to determine a flow direction of the fluid based on the plurality of speckle patterns.

A digital projection and reflected glare reduction system according to various aspects of the present technology may include a digital display device capable of generating a one or two dimensional source grid pattern back-illuminated by a light source to project an image of a source grid onto a retroreflective background. The projected source grid image may then be re-imaged onto the original grid element at a slight offset eliminating the need to generate a separate cutoff grid thereby reducing the amount of time required to setup and adjust the system. The digital display device is also capable of switching between a schlieren visualization capability to some other visualization capability (such as particle tracking velocimetry (PTV), particle imaging velocimetry (NV), temperature sensitive paint measurements (TSP), pressure sensitive paint measurements (PSP), photogrammetry, etc.) allowing for the simultaneous use of two different imaging techniques.

The invention relates to a method for observing a sample, in particular an anatomopathological slide formed from a thin thickness of a sampled biological tissue. It includes a step of illuminating the sample with a light source and acquiring, with an image sensor, an image representing the light transmitted by the sample. The image undergoes holographic reconstruction, so as to obtain a representation, in the plane of the sample, of the light wave transmitted by the latter. The method includes applying an impregnating fluid to the sample, such that the sample is impregnated with said impregnating liquid, said impregnating liquid having a refractive index strictly higher than 1.

Embodiments of the present application are directed toward a focusing Schlieren technique that is capable of adding color-coded directional information to the visualization of density gradients. Other advantages of the technique can include that it does not require manual calibration, has a simple design and is sensitive enough to be used in compact experimental setups. Certain embodiments include the use of a color-coded source image that replaces the conventional source grid. The technique may benefit from a computer-controlled digital background, which is used for both illumination and display of color-coded source images.

In order to obtain information about a salt-state of a road independently of drivers, a method that generates information about the salt-state of a road is specified that includes a determination of salt-state-dependent measurement values, processing of the measurement values into information about the salt-state of the road and outputting of the information about the salt-state of the road. A corresponding device that generates information about the salt-state of a road comprises sensors that determine of salt-state-dependent measurement values, a processing unit that is configured to process determined measurement values into information about the salt-state of the road, and output the information about the salt-state of the road.

The invention relates to a method for observing a sample, in particular an anatomopathological slide formed from a thin thickness of a sampled biological tissue. It includes a step of illuminating the sample with a light source and acquiring, with an image sensor, an image representing the light transmitted by the sample. The image undergoes holographic reconstruction, so as to obtain a representation, in the plane of the sample, of the light wave transmitted by the latter. The method includes applying an impregnating fluid to the sample, such that the sample is impregnated with said impregnating liquid, said impregnating liquid having a refractive index strictly higher than 1.

The invention relates to a method for determining optical properties by measuring intensities on a thin layer, wherein light is irradiated onto a carrier (105) that has said thin layer and that is at least partially transparent. Interferences on the at least one thin layer are measured as the relative intensity of at least one superpositioned wave, optionally using filter arrangements (113, 115, 117) provided for this purpose, whereupon the reflection coefficient(s) and/or the transmission coefficient(s) from the reflection and/or the transmission on the thin layer are determined. Preferably, the intensity of at least two superpositioned waves is measured. The light may be irradiated directly onto the carrier. The invention also relates to a device for determining optical properties by measuring intensities on a thin layer, said device comprising an analysis unit which stores at least one lookup table. The method and the device are preferably used in the area of homeland security.

A method of determining emissions captured can include receiving information indicative of transmission of light through a region nearby an air handling apparatus. The information can include information indicative of a first condition wherein emissions to be captured by the air handling apparatus are suppressed and information indicative of a second condition wherein the emissions to be captured by the air handling apparatus are present. A processor circuit can be used to determine a difference between the information about the transmission of light during the first condition and information about the transmission of light during the second condition. The processor circuit can be used to determine a portion of the emissions captured by the air handling apparatus using information about the determined difference.

Embodiments of the present application are directed toward a focusing Schlieren technique that is capable of adding color-coded directional information to the visualization of density gradients. Other advantages of the technique can include that it does not require manual calibration, has a simple design and is sensitive enough to be used in compact experimental setups. Certain embodiments include the use of a color-coded source image that replaces the conventional source grid. The technique may benefit from a computer-controlled digital background, which is used for both illumination and display of color-coded source images.

A phase gradient calculation unit calculates a phase gradient on a plane intersecting an irradiation direction of light corresponding to an optical coherence tomography signal indicating a state of a sample for each of sample points arranged on the plane. A bulk phase error calculation unit integrates, for each of plurality of paths from an origin that is a sample point where a bulk phase error is determined to a destination that is a sample point where the bulk phase error is not determined, the phase gradient for each of the sample points along each of the plurality of corresponding paths to calculate a path specific phase error at the destination, and combines the path specific phase errors among the plurality of corresponding paths to determine the bulk phase error at the destination.