A turbidity sensor or an arrangement for optically measuring one or more physical, chemical and/or biological, process variables of a medium. The medium is located in a pipe. The arrangement includes a housing and the housing is embodied for securement in the pipe. The housing is embodied for accommodating at least one light source for sending light through a window region into the medium and at least one light receiver for receiving light through the window region from the medium. The light is scattered by the medium and the light intensity received by the light receiver is a measure for the physical, chemical and/or biological, process variable, characterized in that the light source is so arranged that the light propagates in the medium in the longitudinal direction of the pipe.

A measurement apparatus according to the present disclosure is a measurement apparatus capable of measuring particles in a fluid and comprises: a flow path device including a first flow path with translucency through which a first fluid including the particles passes and a second flow path with translucency through which a second fluid which does not include the particles passes; an optical sensor facing the flow path device, irradiating each of the first flow path and the second flow path with light, and receiving light passing through each of the first flow path and the second flow path; and a controller measuring the particles by comparing an intensity of light passing through the first flow path and an intensity of light passing through the second flow path, each of which is obtained by the optical sensor.

A particle characterization apparatus is disclosed comprising: a sample cell for holding a sample, a light source for producing a light beam for illuminating the sample in the sample cell, thereby producing scattered light by the interaction of the light beam with the sample; a focussing lens for focussing the light beam within the sample; and a detector for detecting the backscattered light along a detection optical path that intersects the focussed light beam within the sample. The intersection of the light beam and the detection optical path in the sample define a detection region. The apparatus comprises an optical arrangement for varying the volume of the detection region.

A filter for a micropulse differential absorption LIDAR is provided. The filter comprises an etalon including a free spectral range substantially the same as a difference between a first laser wavelength and a second laser wavelength, the etalon further including a finesse providing substantial background noise suppression and substantially constant transmission of the first laser wavelength and the second laser wavelength over a predetermined range of wavelengths, and a first filter having a first filter bandpass selected to include the first laser wavelength and the second laser wavelength.

A device (10) for detecting the presence of at least one microorganism in the contents (101, 201) of a container (100, 200) comprising a wall with a translucent zone, said detection device (10) comprising: a) at least one light source (11), such as a light-emitting diode (LED), capable of illuminating the contents of the container (100, 200) by emitting an excitation light beam through the translucent zone of the container (100, 200); b) at least one detection means (12, 13, 14, 15), such as a photodiode, for detecting at least one reaction light beam emitted in response to the illumination of the contents (101, 201) of the container (100, 200);
said at least one light source (11) and said at least one detection means (12, 13, 14, 15) being equipped with at least one connection means (105, 205), to connect said at least one light source (11) and said at least one detection means (12, 13, 14, 15) to the wall of the container (100, 200), in the translucent zone, said at least one detection means (12, 13, 14, 15) being positioned at an angle of a set value in relation to the direction of the excitation light beam, to detect the reaction light beam.

A vessel location assistance device having a housing with a proximal portion and a distal portion, an infrared light emitter adapted to emit infrared light from the housing to a patient and an infrared light receiver adapted to receive backscattered infrared light intensity reflected from the patient, wherein the received backscattered infrared light intensity is converted to a voltage and when the voltage is within a calibrated range the device indicates the presence of a blood vessel. The device may further include at least one wing with a slot for capturing the blood vessel.

A fluid characterization measuring instrument is disclosed that comprises a sample vessel for a bulk complex sample fluid having a capacity that is substantially larger than a domain size of the complex sample fluid and that is sufficiently large to cause bulk scattering effects to substantially exceed surface effects for the complex fluid sample, a coherent light source positioned to illuminate the bulk complex sample fluid in the sample vessel and a first fibre having a first end positioned to receive backscattered light from the sample after it has interacted with the sample. The first fibre can also be positioned close enough to an optical axis of the coherent light source and to the sample vessel to substantially decrease a contribution of multiply scattered light in the backscattered light. The instrument can further comprise a first photon-counting detector positioned to receive the backscattered light from a second end of the fibre, correlation logic responsive to the first photon-counting detector and single-scattering fluid property analysis logic responsive to the correlation logic and operative to derive at least one fluid property for the sample fluid.

A system for the identification of micro-organisms includes an irradiation unit adapted to sequentially provide coherent electromagnetic radiation of one or more wavelengths along a common optical path. A holder is adapted to retain a substrate having a surface adapted for growth of a micro-organism colony. A beamsplitter is adapted to direct the coherent electromagnetic radiation from the common optical path towards the retained substrate. An imager is arranged opposite the beamsplitter from the retained substrate and is adapted to obtain images of backward-scattered light patterns from the micro-organism colony irradiated by the respective wavelengths of the directed coherent electromagnetic radiation. Some examples provide radiation of multiple wavelengths and include an imager arranged optically downstream of the retained substrate to obtain images of forward-scattered light patterns from the micro-organism colony irradiated by the wavelengths of radiation. Organism identification methods are also described.

A metrology system includes an illumination source configured to generate an illumination beam, one or more illumination optics configured to direct the illumination beam to a sample, one or more collection optics configured to collect illumination emanating from the sample, a detector, and a hyperspectral imaging sub-system. The hyperspectral imaging sub-system includes a dispersive element positioned at a pupil plane of the set of collection optics configured to spectrally disperse the collected illumination, a lens array including an array of focusing elements, and one or more imaging optics. The one or more imaging optics combine the spectrally-dispersed collected illumination to form an image of the pupil plane on the lens array. The focusing elements of the lens array distribute the collected illumination on the detector in an arrayed pattern.

An optical coherence tomography system comprising a light source (a) and a probe (e) that has a window at a front facing end. The window has an inner face (i) that has an anti-reflection surface and allows light from the source to pass through it, and an outer face (j) that reflects some of the light from the source and transmits some of the light to and from the sample (k). The reflected light acts as a reference.