A semiconductor structure, the semiconductor structure including a channel connecting a source on the semiconductor substrate and a drain on the semiconductor substrate, wherein the channel comprises a plasmonic resonator. A sensor including a plasmonic film, wherein the plasmonic film includes a sensitivity to a known analyte, a semiconductor structure including a source and a drain of a field effect transistor, and an electrical connection between the plasmonic film and a gate of the semiconductor structure. A method of forming a sensor including forming a field effect transistor (“FET”) on a semiconductor substrate, the field effect transistor including a source, a drain, and a gate, where the gate includes a plasmonic resonator.

A self-heating biosensor based on lossy mode resonance (LMR) includes a waveguide unit and a lossy mode resonance layer. The waveguide unit is a flat plate, including two planes and at least two sets of opposite sides. One set of the opposite sides of the waveguide unit has a light input end and a light output end. The lossy mode resonance layer is disposed on one of the planes of the waveguide unit. Two heating electrodes are formed at two positions of the lossy mode resonance layer, and the two positions are relevant to one set of the opposite sides of the waveguide unit. A biomaterial sensing region having bioprobes are formed between the two heating electrodes. The present disclosure further includes a using method relevant to the self-heating biosensor based on lossy mode resonance.

A semiconductor structure, the semiconductor structure including a channel connecting a source on the semiconductor substrate and a drain on the semiconductor substrate, wherein the channel comprises a plasmonic resonator. A sensor including a plasmonic film, wherein the plasmonic film includes a sensitivity to a known analyte, a semiconductor structure including a source and a drain of a field effect transistor, and an electrical connection between the plasmonic film and a gate of the semiconductor structure. A method of forming a sensor including forming a field effect transistor (“FET”) on a semiconductor substrate, the field effect transistor including a source, a drain, and a gate, where the gate includes a plasmonic resonator.

Immunosensors according to present embodiments combine a sandwich bioassay with an electrochemical surface plasmon resonance device for electrochemical detection of analytes from a sample, whereby a coated substrate for receiving an electroactive probe may be located in a flow cell, and the coated substrate comprises a first layer which is a silver (Ag) layer and a second layer which is a gold (Au) layer arranged so that the gold layer isolates the silver layer from an operating environment.

A plasmonic device amplifies an optical signal of a sample positioned subsequently thereto comprises a high refraction index dielectric element, a low refraction index dielectric element with a modifiable width and a layer of metal. When light producing plasmon resonance is received at a dielectric metal interface, a plasmonic field is generated in the sample. A system comprises the plasmonic device, a holder for placing the sample, an optical circuit with a light source and a photodetector and rotatable supports for the plasmonic device. A magneto optical signal is produced according to an incident light angle, a distance of the plasmonic device and the sample and the inner width of a dielectric in the plasmonic device. A method obtains an amplified magneto optical signal from the sample, modifies an angle near a total reflection, adjusts distance of the sample to the plasmonic device or internal width of second dielectric such that it produces a maximum plasmonic field.

The invention relates to a method for determining interaction kinetics for an analyte. The method comprises first contacting a solution containing the analyte with immobilized ligand, or analogue thereof, immobilized on an optical sensor surface; monitoring the binding of the analyte to the immobilized ligand or analogue, wherein the binding is measured as a resulting change in a property of the surface; and automatically determining the interaction kinetics, which determining step includes first defining parts of the dissociation phase that contains kinetic information for fitting. The invention further relates to an analytical system for studying molecular interactions, which system is capable of performing the novel method, as well as a computer program product for performing the steps of the method.

An imaging apparatus (1) for imaging a sample (7) comprising an array of electronically addressable pixels (6) wherein each pixel is arranged to support a surface plasmon resonance thereinto generate an evanescent electromagnetic field (8) which extends transversely from the pixel so as to be salient from plane of the array for illuminating the sample (7). An optical detector (12) is arranged for detecting optical radiation (9, 10, 11) scattered from the evanescent electromagnetic field (8) by the sample (7). A processing unit (4) arranged to associate the detected optical radiation (9, 10, 11) with the address of the pixel or pixels within the array at which the surface plasmon resonance was generated.

Systems and methods for determining the osmolarity of a sample are provided. Aspects of the subject methods include contacting a sensing surface of a surface plasmon resonance based sensor with a sample, and generating one or more data sets at at least two wavelengths over a time interval, wherein the data sets are used to determine the osmolarity of the sample. The subject methods find use in determining the osmolarity of a sample, such as a biological sample (e.g., a tear fluid), and in the diagnosis and/or monitoring of various diseases and disorders, such as, e.g., dry eye disease.

An integrated dual-modality microfluidic sensor chip and methods for using the same. In one form, the sensor comprises a patterned periodic array of nanoposts coated with a noble metal and graphene oxide (GO) to detect target biomarker molecules in a limited sample volume. The device generates both electrochemical and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) signals from a single sensing area of the metal-GO nanoposts. The metal-GO nanoposts are functionalized with specific receptor molecules, serving as a spatially well-defined nanostructured working electrode for electrochemical sensing, as well as a nanostructured plasmonic crystal for SPR-based sensing via the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons. The integrated dual-modality sensor offers higher sensitivity (through higher surface area and diffusions from nanoposts for electrochemical measurements), as well as the dynamic measurements of antigen-antibody bindings (through the SPR measurement), while operating simultaneously in a same sensing area using a same sample volume.

Methods for preparing a dilution series for use in forming calibration curves, preferably in the field of surface plasmon resonance, are provided. In one example, a dilution series is prepared by using receptacles such as tubes of a micro well plate in which samples of the dilution series are mixed. In another example, a dilution series is prepared by using a convection mix in a receptacle for achieving a concentration gradient in the sample. A biosensor system arranged to perform steps of methods disclosed are provided. A data processing apparatus and a software for performing steps of methods disclosed, and a computer readable medium for storing the software are also provided.