Apparatus and methods for the detection of proteins in biological fluids such as urine using a label-free assay is described. Specific proteins are detected by their binding to highly specific capture reagents such as SOMAmers that are attached to the surface of a substrate. Changes to these capture reagents and their local environment upon protein binding modify the behavior of color centers (e.g., fluorescence, ionization state, spin state, etc.) embedded in the substrate beneath the bound capture reagents. These changes can be read out, for example, optically or electrically, for an individual color center or as an average response of many color centers.

A method for detecting an abasic site is provided. The method may include flowing a solution over a substrate having a plurality of oligonucleotides coupled thereto. At least one of the oligonucleotides includes an abasic site. The solution may include a fluorophore coupled to a reactive group. The method may include reacting the reactive group with the abasic site to couple the fluorophore to the abasic site; and detecting the abasic site using fluorescence from the fluorophore.

A three-dimensional printing system including a feed source of uncured filled resin material, a print head configured to apply discrete layers of a composition including upconversion phosphors, and a radiation source configured to irradiate layers of uncured filled resin material and deposited layers of the composition is provided. A method of three dimensionally printing a dental article is also provided.

Embodiments related to methods of use of an image analysis system for identifying residual cancer cells after surgery are disclosed. In some embodiments, a patient-specific threshold used to detect abnormal cells in a surgical site can be determined. A medical imaging device can be configured to produce a set of images of an anatomy of a patient. An image analysis system, comprising one or more processors, can be configured to receive the set of images, and analyze the set of images to determine a patient-specific threshold to use to detect abnormal tissue of the patient.

A three-dimensional printing system including a feed source of uncured filled resin material, a print head configured to apply discrete layers of a composition including upconversion phosphors, and a radiation source configured to irradiate layers of uncured filled resin material and deposited layers of the composition is provided. A method of three dimensionally printing a dental article is also provided.

Imaging systems and methods, referred to herein as surface ablation lathe tomography (SALT), may be capable of providing whole organ tomography to provide 3D imaging. The system may provide a UV source that excites a sample, and a camera may capture imaging of fluorescent emission cause by the excitation. The tissue sample may be treated or stained with an imaging agent, such as fluorescent markers with fluorescently-tagged antibodies. The sample may also be infused with and/or embedded in paraffin wax. The tissue sample embedded in paraffin may be placed on a rotating mechanism that rotates, while the UV source excites a desired region and the camera captures imaging of a thin surface layer or shell of the sample. The system may also provide an ablation mechanism, such as a microtome blade or lathe, to ablate surface of the sample during rotation to allow imaging of subsequent layers of the sample. Once the sample has been fully imaged, a 3D map of the tissue sample, which may be an entire organ, can be provided.

The present disclosure relates to a substrate defect measuring apparatus for detecting defects inside a substrate by photoluminescence and detecting defects outside the substrate by using the scattering of incident light for generating photoluminescence, and provides an apparatus for constituting an optical system in order to measure scattered and/or reflected light together in a procedure of measuring the photoluminescence, thereby shortening a measurement time.

A method for determining a degree of damage to hair is provided in the form of various embodiments. Said method can comprise the following steps: during the exposure of a hair sample to UV light (for example by employing a UV-LED), detecting fluorescence light emitted by the hair sample, determining a fluorescence intensity by employing the detected light, and determining the degree of damage to the hair using said fluorescence intensity.

A three-dimensional (3D) object scanning method includes: controlling, when an invisible light source is off, a first camera device to capture a first image of the target object; and controlling, when the invisible light source is on, a second camera device to capture second images of the target object from a plurality of viewing angles. The target object is painted with invisible markers that are invisible to the first camera device when the invisible light source is off. The invisible markers are visible to the second camera device upon absorbing a light emitted by the invisible light source. The second images are used to determine 3D information of the target object.

Embodiments related to methods of use of an image analysis system for identifying residual cancer cells after surgery are disclosed. In some embodiments, a patient-specific threshold used to detect abnormal cells in a surgical site can be determined. A medical imaging device can be configured to produce a set of images of an anatomy of a patient. An image analysis system, comprising one or more processors, can be configured to receive the set of images, and analyze the set of images to determine a patient-specific threshold to use to detect abnormal tissue of the patient.