A method for determining a degree of damage to hair is provided in the form of various embodiments. Said method can comprise the following steps: during the exposure of a hair sample to UV light (for example by employing a UV-LED), detecting fluorescence light emitted by the hair sample, determining a fluorescence intensity by employing the detected light, and determining the degree of damage to the hair using said fluorescence intensity.

Apparatus and methods for the detection of proteins in biological fluids such as urine using a label-free assay is described. Specific proteins are detected by their binding to highly specific capture reagents such as SOMAmers that are attached to the surface of a substrate. Changes to these capture reagents and their local environment upon protein binding modify the behavior of color centers (e.g., fluorescence, ionization state, spin state, etc.) embedded in the substrate beneath the bound capture reagents. These changes can be read out, for example, optically or electrically, for an individual color center or as an average response of many color centers.

This invention is directed to methods for the facile and accurate identification of cancer cells in a tissue sample, such as a surgical field. In particular, the compositions and methods employ conjugates comprising pro-fluorescent fluorescein based moieties bound to folic or pteroic acid targeting moiety optionally through a linker. The pro-fluorescent fluorescein based moieties are non-fluorescent but capable of being rendered fluorescent by intracellular processes. The conjugates are employed to detect cancer cells that overexpress folic acid receptors thereby providing for differential accumulation of these conjugates in these cells.

A method of attaching a dental article to the surface of a tooth includes providing the dental article and applying a coating including upconversion phosphors to a surface of the dental article. The method also includes applying a dental cement composition to the surface of the tooth and placing the dental article on the surface of the tooth such that the coating is adjacent the dental cement composition. The dental cement composition includes a polymerizable resin and a photoinitiator and is substantially free of upconversion phosphors. The method further includes irradiating the coating with a radiation source that emits radiation at a pre-determined fixed wavelength that causes the upconversion phosphors to emit radiation at an activation wavelength of the dental cement composition photoinitiator such that the dental cement composition cures in a region adjacent the coating and removing remaining uncured dental cement composition outside the dental article from the tooth.

A three-dimensional (3D) object scanning method includes: controlling, when an invisible light source is off, a first camera device to capture a first image of the target object; and controlling, when the invisible light source is on, a second camera device to capture second images of the target object from a plurality of viewing angles. The target object is painted with invisible markers that are invisible to the first camera device when the invisible light source is off. The invisible markers are visible to the second camera device upon absorbing a light emitted by the invisible light source. The second images are used to determine 3D information of the target object.

Squaraine dyes are used to detect the presence of protein in a test sample, which is a substance that may contain protein. A squarine dye is placed in water, and in some instances joined with an aggregation agent, to create an aqueous dye solution. That dye solution is joined with a test sample. When the dye solution is joined with the test sample and the resultant test solution is excited by the application of photons, a resulting fluorescence or absence thereof reveals if protein was present in the test sample.

A residue remaining on an object to be cleaned after cleaning is easily detected and observed on the object. Adhesive materials for use in residue confirmation, which are applied in advance to an object to be cleaned for confirmation of a residue remaining on the object after cleaning, are formed by coloring chips produced during cutting work. The adhesive materials are preferably formed by coating and coloring the chips with paint, the paint emitting visible light in an excited state.

A method of attaching a dental article to the surface of a tooth includes providing the dental article and applying a coating including upconversion phosphors to a surface of the dental article. The method also includes applying a dental cement composition to the surface of the tooth and placing the dental article on the surface of the tooth such that the coating is adjacent the dental cement composition. The dental cement composition includes a polymerizable resin and a photoinitiator and is substantially free of upconversion phosphors. The method further includes irradiating the coating with a radiation source that emits radiation at a pre-determined fixed wavelength that causes the upconversion phosphors to emit radiation at an activation wavelength of the dental cement composition photoinitiator such that the dental cement composition cures in a region adjacent the coating and removing remaining uncured dental cement composition outside the dental article from the tooth.

Disclosed herein is a protective film detecting method of detecting the formed condition of a protective film formed on the front side of a workpiece. The protective film detecting method includes a fluorescence intensity measuring step of forming a plurality of reference protective films having different thicknesses on the front sides of a plurality of reference workpieces, next applying excitation light absorbable by an absorbing agent contained in each reference protective film to each reference protective film, and next measuring the intensity of fluorescence emitted from the absorbing agent due to the absorption of the excitation light, and a threshold deciding step of deciding a threshold of the fluorescence intensity corresponding to a desired one of the different thicknesses of the reference protective films according to the fluorescence intensity measured above.

Disclosed herein is a protective film detecting method of detecting the formed condition of a protective film formed on the front side of a workpiece. The protective film detecting method includes a fluorescence intensity measuring step of forming a plurality of reference protective films having different thicknesses on the front sides of a plurality of reference workpieces, next applying excitation light absorbable by an absorbing agent contained in each reference protective film to each reference protective film, and next measuring the intensity of fluorescence emitted from the absorbing agent due to the absorption of the excitation light, and a threshold deciding step of deciding a threshold of the fluorescence intensity corresponding to a desired one of the different thicknesses of the reference protective films according to the fluorescence intensity measured above.