A biosensing system includes a biosensor, a light source, first and second photodetectors, and a calculator. The light source is disposed to irradiate the biosensor, so as to generate two or more of a coupled light beam, a reflected light beam, a transmitted light beam and a diffracted light beam. The first photodetector is disposed to measure an intensity of one of the generated light beams that is indicative of an effect of an analyte on light to obtain a first intensity value. The second photodetector is disposed to measure an intensity of another one of the generated light beams that is indicative of an effect of the analyte on light to obtain a second intensity value. The calculator performs compensation calculation based at least on the first and second intensity values.

In a starch concentration measurement, a liquid sample is conducted from a liquid sample such as pulp suspension or filtrate of a paper, board or tissue process. An iodine solution is added to the sample, and a light absorbance or transmittance of the sample is measured at a wavelength longer than about 650 nm, for example longer than about 700 nm. The measured absorbance or transmittance of the sample is converted into the starch concentration of the sample by a predefined correlation between a starch concentration and a light absorbance or transmittance.

We describe a method of selectively detecting the presence of an analyte, the method comprising: providing at least one waveguide, the waveguide having a core comprising porous material; absorbing an analyte sample into said porous material of said core such that said analyte sample is held within pores of said core; waveguiding radiation along said at least one waveguide to an output to provide output radiation; measuring one or more spectral features of said output radiation due to absorption or scattering of said waveguided radiation by said absorbed analyte sample; selectively identifying the presence of a target analyte in said analyte sample from said one or more spectral features. In embodiments spectral features are measured for multiple different waveguide core regions having different physical/chemical properties modified to provide additional selectivity to the target analyte(s), and these measurements combined to identify the target analyte.

Embodiments described herein may be useful in the detection of analytes. The systems and methods may allow for a relatively simple and rapid way for detecting analytes such as chemical and/or biological analytes and may be useful in numerous applications including sensing, food manufacturing, medical diagnostics, performance materials, dynamic lenses, water monitoring, environmental monitoring, detection of proteins, detection of DNA, among other applications.

Disclosed is a humidity detector, which includes a light emitting part, a light receiving part and a humidity detecting part. The light emitting part and the light receiving part are positioned at two sides of the humidity detecting part along a first direction, and light emitted by the light emitting part is received by the light receiving part after passing through the humidity detecting part. The humidity detecting part includes a light transmittance adjustable part and a humidity sensitive deformation part, the humidity sensitive deformation part is configured to deform along with the change of the ambient humidity, and the light transmittance adjustable part is configured to change the transmittance to the light under the deformation effect of the humidity sensitive deformation part.

The present application relates sensing reactive components in fluids by monitoring band gap changes to a material having interacted with the reactive components via physisorption and/or chemisorption. In some embodiments, the sensors of the present disclosure include the material as a reactive surface on a substrate. The band gap changes may be detected by measuring conductance changes and/or spectroscopic changes. In some instances, the sensing may occur downhole during one or more wellbore operations like drilling, hydraulic fracturing, and producing hydrocarbons.

The present invention relates to a compound for detecting phosgene and DCP (diethyl chlorophosphate) and a composition for detecting phosgene and DCP (diethyl chlorophosphate) comprising the said compound. More precisely, the compound for detecting phosgene and DCP of the present invention can selectively detect phosgene and DCP either in the liquid phase of gas phase by detecting the changes of fluorescence and color development very quickly within a few seconds with nM sensitivity. Therefore, the compound can also be effectively used as an ingredient for the composition and kit for the detection of one or more materials selected from the group consisting of phosgene and DCP.

A chemical sensor, including a porous optical waveguide. The loss or index of refraction, or both, of the porous waveguide is affected by the presence of one or more chemicals of interest.

Disclosed is a method and apparatus for determining a concentration of a glycopeptide antibiotic containing a phenol moiety such as Vancomycin in a complex sample matrix by extracting the glycopeptide antibiotic from a metered portion of the complex sample matrix by exposing said metered portion to an extraction material having an affinity with the glycopeptide antibiotic; and exposing the extraction material to a metered portion of an eluent for releasing the glycopeptide antibiotic from the extraction material; and by determining a concentration of the glycopeptide antibiotic by adding a Gibbs reagent (2,6 dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide) to the metered portion of the complex sample matrix or the eluent; activating the Gibbs reagent and, after the reaction between the activated Gibbs reagent and the antibiotic has stabilized; detecting the reaction product of the activated Gibbs reagent and the antibiotic in said eluent; and determining the concentration of the antibiotic in the complex sample matrix from the detected reaction product. A method of designing a personalized drug administration regime using the thus obtained concentration is also disclosed.

Apparatus and methods for the detection of proteins in biological fluids such as urine using a label-free assay is described. Specific proteins are detected by their binding to highly specific capture reagents such as SOMAmers that are attached to the surface of a substrate. Changes to these capture reagents and their local environment upon protein binding modify the behavior of color centers (e.g., fluorescence, ionization state, spin state, etc.) embedded in the substrate beneath the bound capture reagents. These changes can be read out, for example, optically or electrically, for an individual color center or as an average response of many color centers.