The present disclosure relates to a device that includes a light source, a detector; and a film having a first surface that includes a transition metal dichalcogenide, where the film is configured to interact with a volume of gas containing a concentration of water vapor, the light source is configured to shine a first light onto the first surface, the film is configured, as a result of the first light, to emit from the first surface a second light, the detector is configured to receive at least a portion of the second light, and the detector is configured to generate a signal proportional to an intensity of the second light.

The present invention is aiming at providing a communication apparatus that is lower in power consumption and that can detect a change in surrounding environment and send out information indicating the detection result, and a method to detect a change in surrounding environment. A communication apparatus of the present invention includes: a member containing a functional dye material that changes an optical property thereof in accordance with a change in surrounding environment and that maintains a post-change optical property; an optical sensor having a light-receiving portion and disposed such that the light-receiving portion receives light that has passed through the member, the optical sensor detecting a luminance of light that is received by the light-receiving portion; and a communication control unit that transmits information indicating the luminance detected by the optical sensor.

An article includes a substrate defining a surface, a bond coat on the surface of the substrate, a coating layer on the bond coat, and a wear indicator. The coating layer includes at least one of an environmental barrier coating (EBC) or an abradable coating. The wear indicator disposed in a first region of the coating layer and includes at least one chromophore dopant and a material of the EBC or the abradable coating. The wear indicator is configured to indicate wear of the coating layer.

The present disclosure relates to a colorimetric humidity sensor and a method of preparing the same, and in the colorimetric humidity sensor that is an ultrafast colorimetric humidity sensor including a colorimetric member including humidity-responsive particles configured in a disordered monolayer arrangement on a substrate, the humidity-responsive particles are amorphous, porous, and polydispersed microspheres, and the colorimetric humidity sensor indicates a color change according to humidity upon light irradiation.

The present disclosure relates to a colorimetric humidity sensor and a method of preparing the same, and in the colorimetric humidity sensor that is an ultrafast colorimetric humidity sensor including a colorimetric member including humidity-responsive particles configured in a disordered monolayer arrangement on a substrate, the humidity-responsive particles are amorphous, porous, and polydispersed microspheres, and the colorimetric humidity sensor indicates a color change according to humidity upon light irradiation.

An article includes a substrate defining a surface, a bond coat on the surface of the substrate, a coating layer on the bond coat, and a wear indicator. The coating layer includes at least one of an environmental barrier coating (EBC) or an abradable coating. The wear indicator disposed in a first region of the coating layer and includes at least one chromophore dopant and a material of the EBC or the abradable coating. The wear indicator is configured to indicate wear of the coating layer.

An optical element includes a porous layer with a network of a plurality of interconnected voids. The porous layer is optically diffusive to at least one wavelength of light when the network of interconnected voids is substantially free of fluid. The porous layer of the optical element undergoes a detectable optical change upon fluid ingress into the network or egress from the network of interconnected voids.

An optical element includes a porous layer with a network of a plurality of interconnected voids. The porous layer is optically diffusive to at least one wavelength of light when the network of interconnected voids is substantially free of fluid. The porous layer of the optical element undergoes a detectable optical change upon fluid ingress into the network or egress from the network of interconnected voids.

A measurement apparatus (10) includes a generator (121) that irradiates electromagnetic waves on a measurement target (M) including a substance that undergoes a structural transition from a first substance with an unstable structure to a second substance with a stable structure due to entry of a foreign substance, a receiver (122) that receives the electromagnetic waves including information on a spectroscopic spectrum of the measurement target (M), and a controller (116) that acquires the measured spectroscopic spectrum based on the electromagnetic waves received by the receiver (122), calculates ratio information between the first substance and the second substance based on the acquired measured spectroscopic spectrum, and generates diagnostic information regarding entry of the foreign substance based on the ratio information.

An electronic device is disclosed. The electronic device includes a carrier, an optical component disposed on the carrier and a humidity indicator within the electronic package. A position of the humidity indicator within the electronic package is arranged such that at least a part of the humidity indicator is visible from a viewpoint outside of the electronic package.