A fluid dispensing system and a method of controlling a fluid dispensing system are disclosed. The fluid dispensing system includes a source of a fluid, a dispensing nozzle, and a spray system. The spray system supplies fluid from the source of fluid to the dispensing nozzle using system parameters for the spray system. The spray system and dispensing nozzle are configured to dispense the fluid as a stream or spray as an actual fluid pattern according to one or more first system parameters that are intended to produce a first fluid pattern. A camera is configured to capture one or more images of the actual fluid pattern dispensed from the dispensing nozzle. A controller is operatively connected to the spray system and the camera.

Methods for visualizing oral biofilm growth and methods for identifying compounds that modulate biofilm growth are provided. Biofilm samples are stained with fluorescent dyes and viewed with a confocal laser scanning microscope. Biofilm samples are in a container with a cover slip configured for viewing the biofilm sample with the confocal laser scanning microscope and the coverslip has a thickness variation of 0.02 mm or less.

Apparatuses and methods for on-line internal siliconing of glass bottles including a baking station for baking the siliconed bottles; wherein a siliconing station includes a support designed to selectively receive one bottle at a time, an injection device facing towards an inlet opening of the bottle, a mobile device for selectively blocking the injector against the inlet opening, a selective feeding device for feeding filtered compressed air and liquid silicone to the injector, the injector provided at the front, towards the support, with a drainage channel communicating with the inlet opening; an emitter to send towards a sensor and through the bottle on the support a beam of electromagnetic radiation; and a control unit to selectively inject into the bottle a mixture of silicone and compressed air and to process a signal emitted by the sensor to control the feeding device and/or a manipulator to discard defective bottles.

A method of installing a glass panel on a vehicle that includes an opaque coating formed about a perimeter of the glass panel that includes a plurality of voids where the opaque coating is absent. The method includes determining whether a primer has been applied to the opaque coating by inspecting the glass panel to determine whether at least some of the plurality of voids have been covered by the primer. After determining whether a primer has been applied to the opaque coating, it is determined whether the primer has been correctly applied to the opaque coating by inspecting the glass panel to determine whether each of the plurality of voids has been covered by the primer. Then, after determining whether the primer has been correctly applied, an adhesive may be applied to the primer and the glass panel may be installed on the vehicle.

A method of evaluating quality of graphene using a confocal laser scanning microscope, the method comprising steps of: irradiating with laser light a graphene layer formed on a catalyst layer; detecting a signal of light reflected from the graphene layer; forming a planar image of the graphene layer using the detected optical signal; and analyzing a contrast between graphene and the catalyst layer in the planar image, wherein the graphene layer is continuously formed on the catalyst layer by a roll-to-roll process.

A control system includes one or more processors configured to determine when to extend a life span of an engine by applying an additional restorative coating to the engine based on one or more monitored parameters of the engine. The monitored parameters include a condition of a previously applied restorative coating. The one or more processors are configured to determine the condition of the previously applied restorative coating based on an optical response of the previously applied restorative coating. The one or more processors also are configured to direct application of the additional restorative coating based on the one or more monitored parameters of the engine.

Disclosed herein is a method for inspecting a transparent film. The method comprises irradiating an inspection target with light using a polarizer, receiving light that is reflected by the inspection target and passes through an analyzer by a line scan camera, synthesizing an amplitude and a phase of wavelength of the light into an intensity of light, comparing the intensity of the light with predetermined intensities of light for inspection targets having different thicknesses; and detecting a defect of the inspection target based on the compared intensity with the predetermined intensities. It can be determined whether there is a transparent film, and the thickness of the transparent film can be measured in a large area. The inspection is carried out in real-time after the transparent film is formed, such that if a defect is generated, it can be fed back immediately to thereby reduce defects.

A method of inspecting for micro-cracks in a coated piece that includes a substrate and a coating, the method comprising generating a responsive spectral response from an area of inspection of the coated piece by irradiating at least a portion of the coated piece, the area of inspection being less than a predetermined nominal dimension of a micro-crack, and analyzing the responsive spectral response to determine whether a micro-crack exists in the coating, including by comparing the responsive spectral response to one or more predetermined spectral values to determine whether the responsive spectral response corresponds to a response associated with a substrate such as the substrate in the coated piece.

The prism coupling methods disclosed herein are directed to determining a stress characteristic of an original IOX article having a buried IOX region with a buried refractive index profile that is problematic in the sense that it prevents the original IOX article from being measured using a prism coupler system. The methods include modifying the buried IOX region of the original IOX article in a surface portion of the buried IOX region to form a modified IOX article having an unburied refractive index profile that allows the modified IOX article to be measured using a prism coupler. The methods also include measuring a mode spectrum of the modified IOX article using the prism coupler system. The methods further include determining one or more stress characteristic of the original IOX article from the mode spectrum of the modified IOX article.

Described herein is a protection factor evaluation system for determining a protection factor of a skin protection agent with a radiation source with exactly one LED, a detector unit with exactly one photodiode, a control unit and an evaluation unit. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for determining a sun protection factor of a skin protection agent with the method steps of emitting radiation from precisely one LED of a radiation source, detecting remitted radiation with precisely one photodiode of a detector unit and evaluating the protection factor in an evaluation wavelength range, wherein the protection factor of the protection agent is evaluated from the radiation and a transmission spectrum, and wherein the data of the transmission spectrum for determining the protection factor are in silico and/or in vitro data.