A calorimeter and method is also provided, including a sample cell, a reference cell, a thermostat in thermal communication with the sample cell and the reference cell, a first conductive wire, the first conductive wire having a first end connected to the thermostat and a second end connected to the sample cell, and a second conductive wire, the second conductive wire having a first end connected to the thermostat and a second end connected to the reference cell.

A method and system for calorimetrically measuring the temperature-dependent absorptivity of a homogeneous material dimensioned to be thin and flat with a predetermined uniform thickness and a predetermined porosity. The system includes a material holder adapted to support and thermally isolate the material to be measured, an irradiation source adapted to uniformly irradiate the material with a beam of electromagnetic radiation, and an irradiation source controller adapted to control the irradiation source to uniformly heat the material during a heating period, followed by a cooling period when the material is not irradiated. A thermal sensor measures temperature of the material during the heating and cooling periods, and a computing system first calculates temperature-dependent convective and radiative thermal losses of the material based on the measured temperature of the material during the cooling period when beam intensity is zero, followed by calculation of the temperature-dependent absorptivity of the material based on the temperature-dependent convective and radiative thermal losses determined from the cooling period.

A multi-sample differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) allows for the processing samples concurrently for high-throughput sample processing. The multi-sample DSC includes a test chamber; a sample cartridge located inside the test chamber, in which the sample cartridge comprises a plurality of sample wells arranged at a periphery of the sample cartridge; a plurality of temperature sensors, in which each temperature sensor measures a respective temperature of a respective sample well; and a processor configured to selectively determine a difference in temperature between any two or more sample wells of the plurality of sample wells.

Various embodiments of the teachings herein include a method of ascertaining a progression of curing on application of an electrical insulation layer of an insulation material in a liquid state to an electrical product. An example includes: providing a temperature progression that the electrical product undergoes in the course of application and curing of the insulation layer; providing a reaction model of the insulation material to give a progression of curing of the insulation material on the basis of a temperature progression as input parameter and modeled on the basis of measured enthalpies of reaction of the insulation material at two different heating rates; and ascertaining the progression of curing using the reaction model with the temperature progression.

A method for conditioning air in a test space of a test chamber, the test space being sealable against an environment and being temperature-insulated, and a test chamber, in particular a climate chamber, for receiving test material. A temperature in a temperature range of 40 C. to +180 C. is established within the test space by a cooling device of a temperature control device of the test chamber, which comprises a cooling circuit with carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, a heat exchanger in the test space, a low-pressure compressor, and a high-pressure compressor downstream of the low-pressure compressor in a flow direction of the refrigerant, a gas cooler, and an expansion valve. The temperature in the test space is controlled and/or regulated by a control device of the test chamber, the cooling circuit having a valve device by which the refrigerant is conducted to the low-pressure compressor or to the high-pressure compressor.