An integrated sensor for detecting gases present in an environment is provided. The integrated sensor comprises a first gas sensor and a second gas sensor. The first gas sensor is configured to measure a first gas and the second gas sensor is configured to measure a second gas. The first gas is different from the second gas. The first gas sensor is an optical sensor and defines an optical cavity. The second gas sensor is disposed within the optical cavity of the first gas sensor.

A gas sensor includes: a sensor surface on which a metal-oxide film grows; a detection unit configured to detect a change in a resistance value of the metal-oxide film; and a computation unit configured to compute a quantity of reducing gas in measurement-target air based on a result of the detection by the detection unit, wherein the gas sensor operates in a first mode in which the gas sensor stands by with standby air, which differs from the measurement-target air, being in contact with the sensor surface immediately after the gas sensor is activated and in a second mode that follows the first mode and in which, the detection unit detects a change in the resistance value, and the computation unit computes the quantity of the reducing gas based on the result of the detection, with the measurement-target air being in contact with the sensor surface.

A system includes a respirator, a sensor including a sensing element, and a reader configured to be in wireless communication with the sensor. The sensor is positioned substantially within an interior gas space of the respirator.

The disclosure relates to a wireless self-powered gas sensor based on electromagnetic oscillations triggered by external forces and its fabrication method. The sensor includes a gas test chamber, a first friction layer, a second friction layer, an interdigital electrode, a gas-sensitive material, an air inlet, an air outlet and leads. The gas sensor of the disclosure is an integrated detection system of “environmental energy collection—wireless energy transmission—active spontaneous detection” that can be driven simultaneously only by external mechanical movement, and can work independently without external power supply. The first friction layer and the second friction layer are arranged outside the gas test chamber. The frictional motion will not interfere with the flow field of the test chamber and the gas molecule absorption and desorption, which ensures the stability of gas detection to the greatest extent.

A humidity detection device includes a humidity sensor, a resistor connected to one-side of the humidity sensor, a first switching part connected to the resistor; a diode connected to the first switching part; a second switching part connected to the other-side of the humidity sensor, a potential difference generating part connected to the second switching part, a power supply supplying a voltage, and a control part applying the voltage as an alternating voltage to the humidity sensor by controlling the first switching part and the second switching part. The control part applies a current to the diode, the resistor and the humidity sensor in a first direction by connecting the second switching part to the ground, and applies the current to the resistor and the humidity sensor in a second direction, which is an opposite direction from the first direction, by connecting the first switching part to the ground.

The present disclosure pertains to a rock crack information identification method and system based on a variational autoencoder, and belongs to the technical field of rock mechanical fracturing tests in petroleum engineering. A micro-resistivity scanning imaging test and a computed tomography (CT) scanning test are performed on each rock specimen to obtain a two-dimensional micro-resistivity distribution image and a three-dimensional CT scanning image of the rock specimen for training, and an initial variational autoencoder is trained to obtain a trained variational autoencoder. In an actual application, a two-dimensional micro-resistivity distribution image of a rock to be tested is obtained first, and the three-dimensional CT scanning image is reconstructed by using the trained variational autoencoder, such that rock crack information of the rock to be tested is accurately determined with low costs.

In an embodiment a method for operating a gas sensor arrangement includes generating a sensor current by a gas sensor, converting the sensor current into a digital comparator output signal in a charge balancing operation depending on a first clock signal, determining from the digital comparator output signal an asynchronous count comprising an integer number of counts depending on the first clock signal, determining from the digital comparator output signal a fractional time count depending on a second clock signal and calculating from the asynchronous count and from the fractional time count a digital output signal which is indicative of the sensor current generated by the gas sensor.

An on-body wearable bio-fluid collection and sensing device including an interface or interface surface comprising at least one biocompatible material for contacting a bodily part; at least one inlet for receiving the bio-fluid, at least one outlet for evacuating the bio-fluid, a plurality of semiconductor sensors configured to analyze the received bio-fluid, at least one reference electrode for biasing a bio-fluid gate of at least one of the semiconductor sensors, and at least one micro-fluidic or nano-fluidic channel in fluid communication with the at least one inlet, the at least one outlet and the at least one reference electrode; the at least one micro-fluidic or nano-fluidic channel includes the plurality of semiconductor sensors.

A system for analysis of at least one analyte gas present in an insulating fluid of an electrical transformer includes a gas sensor in operational contact with at least one analyte gas from an insulating fluid to provide multiple responses from the sensor. One or more processors are configured to receive the multiple responses during exposure of the sensor to the analyte gas from the insulating fluid representative of a concentration of the analyte gas present in the insulating fluid. The processors are configured to select one or more responses of the multiple responses that provide rejection of interfering gases, resolution between gases, improved low detection range of the analyte gas, improved high detection range of the analyte gas, improved response linearity of the analyte gas, improved dynamic range of measurements of the analyte gas, or one or more combinations thereof compared to non-selected responses from the sensor.

The present application is directed to a method of measuring the concentration of radicals in a gas stream which includes the steps of flowing a radical gas stream emitted from at least one radical gas generator to at least one processing chamber, providing at least one sampling reaction module having at least one sampling tube therein, establishing a reference temperature of the sampling tube with at least one thermal control module, diverting a portion of the radical gas steam from the radical gas generator into the sampling tube, reacting at least one reagent with at least one radical gas within a defined volume of the radical gas stream thereby forming at least one chemical species within at least one compound stream, the compound stream flowing within the sampling tube, measuring a change of temperature of the sampling tube due to interaction of the chemical species within the compound stream and the sampling tube with sensor module, and calculating a concentration of the chemical species within the compound stream flowing within the sampling tube based on the measured temperature change of the sampling tube.