A small-sized, portable enclosure protects a gas sensor against degradation due to environmental exposure and changes in atmospheric conditions. The protective enclosure includes an inlet for introduction of a gas into the enclosure, an outlet for release of the gas upon completion of a sensing run, and a number of in-line filters that remove from the inflowing gas sample analytes, contaminants, and other materials that can compromise the integrity of the sensor or cause the sensor to degrade over time. The enclosure does not include any filters during the measurement phase of the sensing run in order to allow the gas sensor to accurately measure an unmodified gas mixture and/or analyte.

A dispersion liquid of the present invention includes: a carbon nanohorn aggregate obtained by aggregating a plurality of single-walled carbon nanohorns in a fibrous form; and a solvent.

A process of making sensors and sensor arrays that provided real time notification of any centerline deviation. Such production process can be adjusted in real time. Thus, large numbers of units can be made—even in millions of per day—with few if any out of specification units being produced. Such process does not require large-scale clean rooms and is easily configurable.

The present invention relates to sensor arrays that are more accurate, more sensitive, and more specific with respect to the material that is detected and capable of detecting one or more materials over a wide range. Such sensor arrays can comprises sensors comprising pattern illumination-based annealed coated substrate and one or more functional molecules and process of using same. The method of designing and process of making the sensors for such sensor array yields components that can have one or more electronic and/or optical functionalities that are integrated on the same substrate or film and to which one or more functional molecules can be attached to yield a sensor. Such processes when coupled with the design methods provided herein, allow for the rapid, efficient device prototyping, design change and evolution in the lab and on the production side.

This application discloses a device for detecting nicotine. The device includes a nicotine sensor comprising vanadium oxide (VO.sub.2), a processor and circuitry configured to detect a change in the electrical resistance of the nicotine sensor. The processor is configured to receive, from the circuitry, a signal representative of the detected change in the electrical resistance of the nicotine sensor and output data based on the detected change in electrical resistance of the nicotine sensor. A system and method for detecting nicotine are also disclosed.

A thin film gas sensor device includes a substrate, a first electrode supported by the substrate, a second electrode supported by the substrate, and a gas-sensitive structure. The gas-sensitive structure is supported by the substrate and is electrically connected to the first and second electrodes. The gas sensitive structure includes a plurality of thin film layers of a first material vertically interleaved with a plurality of thin film layers of a second material. The first and second materials are mutually catalytic materials.

Provided is a reducing gas detection sensor which has sensitivity improved as compared to that of the related art, and in which power consumption is decreased. The reducing gas detection sensor includes: a reducing gas detection material including a palladium compound and a carbon compound, and having reactivity with a reducing gas; and a unit configured to measure a conductivity of the reducing gas detection material.

A method of identifying a gas is provided. The method includes providing a gas sensor device comprising at least two stacked metal oxide layers, wherein a change in conductance of the gas sensor device in a presence of a gas varies with a temperature of the stacked metal oxide layers. The method includes bringing the gas into proximity with the stacked metal oxide layers. The method also includes measuring the conductance of the gas sensor device when the gas is in proximity with the stacked layers at multiple temperatures to generate a temperature-conductance profile. The method also includes identifying a gas of interest based on the temperature-conductance profile.

A gas sensor includes an adsorption layer configured to cause gas to adsorb thereon, the gas including a target gas and a non-target gas, and a sensor layer covered with the adsorption layer and having an electric characteristic thereof changing in response to density of the target gas passing through the adsorption layer, wherein the adsorption layer is made of a material whose primary component is a metal oxide having gold particles attached thereto.

Various embodiments relate to a gas sensor, including: a carrier, an electrode structure; and a sensor layer in contact with the electrode structure, wherein the sensor layer includes or essentially consists of turbostratic graphite.