A molecular sensor of an embodiment includes a sensitive film including a plurality of metal organic framework particles, and a detector configured to be capable of measuring a change in physical quantity due to adsorption of a target molecule to the sensitive film. Pores are present between the plurality of metal organic framework particles, and the pores are any of mesopores of 2 nm or more and 50 nm or less, micropores smaller than the mesopores, and macropores larger than the mesopores. A sum of areas of the micropores is defined as S.sub.mi, a sum of areas of the mesopores is defined as S.sub.me, a sum of areas of the macropores is defined as S.sub.ma, and an area of an entire image analysis area is defined as S.sub.total, in an image analysis area by two-dimensional image analysis on a cross section of the sensitive film in a thickness direction. Pore distribution satisfies 0.35?S.sub.me/(S.sub.mi+S.sub.me+S.sub.ma), 0.01?S.sub.mi+S.sub.me+S.sub.ma)/S.sub.total?0.5.

An apparatus comprising, a monolithic crystal comprising a substrate portion and at least one oscillator; a first electrode provided at a first location of the oscillator; a second electrode provided at a second location of the oscillator; a gap separating the oscillator from the substrate portion, exposing a side surface of the oscillator; and one or more tethers that extend across the gap so that the oscillator is supported by the substrate portion.

A real time and quantitative method of measuring traction force of living cells include the following procedures. Place AT-cut and BT-cut quartz crystals of the same frequency, surface morphology and/or modified with the same cell adhesion molecules in petri dishes or detection cells; add the cells to the petri dishes or detection cells, the cell traction force at arbitrary time t during adhesion of the cells or under different internal/external environmental stimulations is estimated by the following equation: S.sub.t=(K.sub.ATK.sub.BT).sup.1[t.sub.q.sup.ATf.sub.t.sup.AT/fr.sup.ATtq.sup.BTf.sub.t.sup.BT/fr.sup.BT]. The method can be used to track the dynamic changes of cells generated force during the adhesion of cells and under different internal/external environmental stimulations, such as the effects of drugs. The drugs can be added before or after the adhesion of the cells. This method is suitable for all adherent cells, including primary cells and passage cells.

Systems and methods for mass sensing based on integrated, functionalized piezoelectric resonators are described. A sensor includes a resonator coupled to an amplifier to form an oscillator. The resonator comprises a piezoelectric material and two or more electrodes, wherein the resonator has a first set of resonances, each with a set of electrical parameter values; a reflector underneath the resonator; a receptor coupled to the resonator, wherein the resonator has a second set of resonances, each with a set of different electrical parameter values when the target binds to the receptor; and a heating element and temperature sensor coupled to the receptor.

A substance detection system and a substance detection method are provided. The temperature identifying portion identifies a surface temperature of the quartz substrate, based on a difference between a deviation of the fundamental wave frequency from at least any predetermined reference fundamental wave frequency of the reference crystal resonator and the detecting crystal resonator and a deviation of the third harmonic frequency from a predetermined reference third harmonic frequency. The substance identifying portion identifies a temperature at which a contaminant attached to the detecting crystal resonator is desorbed from the detecting crystal resonator to identify the contaminant based on the temperature at which the contaminant is desorbed. The temperature is identified based on a difference between the fundamental wave frequency of the reference crystal resonator and the fundamental wave frequency of the detecting crystal resonator measured by the frequency measuring portion and the temperature identified by the temperature identifying portion.

A system includes a sensor comprising a sensor bonding layer disposed on a surface of the sensor, wherein the sensor bonding layer is a metallic alloy. An inlay includes a planar outer surface, wherein the inlay may be disposed on a curved surface of a structure. A structure bonding layer may be disposed on the planar outer surface of the inlay, wherein the structure bonding layer is a metallic alloy. The sensor bonding layer is coupled to the structure bonding layer via a metallic joint, and the sensor is configured to sense data of the structure through the metallic joint, the structure bonding layer, and the sensor bonding layer. The inlay comprises at least one of a modulus of elasticity, a shape, a thickness, and a size configured to reduce strain transmitted to the sensor.

An acoustic wave sensor device comprises a quartz material layer surface; arranged along a first axis, a first interdigitated transducer disposed over the planar surface of the quartz material layer, a first reflection structure disposed over the planar surface of the quartz material layer, and a second reflection structure disposed over the planar surface of the quartz material layer; and arranged along a second axis, a second interdigitated transducer disposed over the planar surface of the quartz material layer, a third reflection structure disposed over the planar surface of the quartz material layer, and a fourth reflection structure disposed over the planar surface of the quartz material layer; and wherein the first axis and the second axis are inclined to each other by a finite angle.

Surface modifications and improvements to piezoelectric-based sensors, such as QCMs and other piezoelectric devices, that significantly increase the sensitivity and the specificity (selectivity). These modifications can comprise mechanical and chemical changes to the surfaces of the sensors, either individually or together. For example, nanosize structures may be provided on the surface to improve sensitivity. Additionally, chemical coatings may be tethered to the surfaces, walls, or crystal to provide targeted sensitivity. Additionally, porous, layered and multiple sensor arrays may be formed to enhance sensitivity and selectivity.

A system for and a method of measuring ultrasonic wave velocities in a subterranean core specimen is provided. Ultrasonic wave velocities are measured from the side surfaces (faces) of a polygonal-shaped core specimen having at least ten sides or faces. Stress is introduced to the core specimen by hydraulic rams associated with each set of opposing sides. As stress is applied, ultrasonic waves are introduced to at least one side of the set of opposing sides and the wave transmitted through the core specimen is measured. Subsequently, the wave velocity for the ultrasonic wave can be calculated based on the measurements taken. Also, elastic properties associated with the core specimen can be calculated.

One side of the surfaces of the crystal resonator 4 including an adsorbing film 46 that absorbs a sensing object on an excitation electrode 42A is pressed with the channel forming member 5 using the upper-side cover body 21 to form a channel 57, which runs from one end side to the other end side on one side of surfaces of the crystal resonator 4. A depressed portion 84 is disposed in at least one of: a position opposed to the channel 57 and at a surface on an opposite side of the channel 57 in the channel forming member 5, and a position opposed to the channel 57 and at a surface on the opposite side of the channel 57 in the pressing member with respect to the channel forming member 5.