A method for applying a heating sequence for a modulator includes, during a first period of time, heating a first heating zone disposed along a length of the modulator without heating a second heating zone to cause a sample trapped from a first transfer line at an entrance of the modulator to move from the first heating zone to the second heating zone. The method also includes, during a second time period, withdrawing the heating of the first heating zone to prevent the sample from entering the modulator from the first transfer line. During a third time period, the method includes heating the second heating zone without heating the first heating zone to reinject the sample into a second transfer line.

A method for applying a heating sequence for a modulator includes, during a first period of time, heating a first heating zone disposed along a length of the modulator without heating a second heating zone to cause a sample trapped from a first transfer line at an entrance of the modulator to move from the first heating zone to the second heating zone. The method also includes, during a second time period, withdrawing the heating of the first heating zone to prevent the sample from entering the modulator from the first transfer line. During a third time period, the method includes heating the second heating zone without heating the first heating zone to reinject the sample into a second transfer line.

In one aspect, a method for automated analysis of samples from a bioreactor is provided herein, the method including: drawing at least one sample from a bioreactor; pressurizing the drawn at least one sample into a sample flow; purifying at least one target protein in the sample flow using a first liquid chromatography apparatus to create a purified sample flow; splitting the purified sample flow into a purified sample fraction flow and an effluent flow; and, analyzing the at least one target protein in the purified sample fraction flow using a second liquid chromatography apparatus. Advantageously, the subject invention provides for an automated two-step liquid chromatography process utilizing first dimension liquid chromatography for purification and second dimension liquid chromatography for analysis.

Separation of materials is achieved using affinity binding and acoustophoretic techniques. A column provided with a fluid mixture of materials for separation and support structures may be used with acoustic waves to block flow of the support structures. The support structures can have an affinity for one or more materials in the fluid mixture. By blocking flow of the support structures, materials bound or adhered to the support structure are also blocked.

An apparatus for separating a fluidic sample includes a fluid drive arrangement including fluid drive units for driving a mobile phase along a flow path to a sample separation unit, a sample accommodation volume for accommodating the fluidic sample and selectively fluidically coupleable with or decoupleable from the flow path, and a control unit. The control unit is configured to control pressure decoupling of at least part of at least one of the fluid drive units from the flow path, and enable the partially pressure-decoupled fluid drive unit(s) to pressurize the sample accommodation volume before fluidically coupling the sample accommodation volume with the flow path and/or to de-pressurize the sample accommodation volume after fluidically coupling the sample accommodation volume with the flow path for preparing a subsequent intake of fluidic sample in the sample accommodation volume.

The invention provides a liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer which prevents contamination of a pump and a column and can perform mass calibration without adding a complicated mechanism. This liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer includes a liquid chromatograph including a liquid feed pump configured to feed a mobile phase solvent, a mass spectrometer configured to analyze a mass of a sample, and a standard sample container configured to be connected in series with the liquid chromatograph and the mass spectrometer in a flow path that connects the liquid chromatograph and the mass spectrometer and configured to house a standard sample for mass calibration.

A system for separation of components of a natural gas product uses a first separation column to receive the natural gas product and to provide first stage components including a first component gas, uses a gas converter to provide second stage components that includes third component gas from at least a second component gas of such first stage components, and uses a second separation column to provide third stage components that includes the first component gas, the third component gas, and one or more additional carbon-based components provided in or over a period of time associated with the separation of the components of the natural gas product.

An on-line system that performs concentration and solvent exchange in order to improve a detection level of analytes by a liquid chromatograph (LC) is provided. The on-line system comprises: a first pump and a second pump for supplying a solvent; a liquid chromatograph (LC) including a separation column (SC) connected to the first pump; a trapping column (TC) for collecting the analytes separated from the separation column; a concentration column (CC) for concentrating the analytes collected in the trapping column (TC); a detector; and first to third switching valves that communicate fluid with at least one of the first or second pumps. An analysis method using the same is also provided.

An on-line system that performs concentration and solvent exchange in order to improve a detection level of analytes by a liquid chromatograph (LC) is provided. The on-line system comprises: a first pump and a second pump for supplying a solvent; a liquid chromatograph (LC) including a separation column (SC) connected to the first pump; a trapping column (TC) for collecting the analytes separated from the separation column; a concentration column (CC) for concentrating the analytes collected in the trapping column (TC); a detector; and first to third switching valves that communicate fluid with at least one of the first or second pumps. An analysis method using the same is also provided.

Examples of the present disclosure describe systems and methods for detecting and mitigating stack pivoting exploits. In aspects, various “checkpoints” may be identified in software code. At each checkpoint, the current stack pointer, stack base, and stack limit for each mode of execution may be obtained. The current stack pointer for each mode of execution may be evaluated to determine whether the stack pointer falls within a stack range between the stack base and the stack limit of the respective mode of execution. When the stack pointer is determined to be outside of the expected stack range, a stack pivot exploit is detected and one or more remedial actions may be automatically performed.