In a quantitative determination device 10 for brominated flame-retardant compounds, a storage section 41 holds a relative response factor 411 representing a relationship of a measured intensity of a compared compound to that of a reference compound selected from target compounds. A standard-sample measurer 43 acquires the intensity of the reference compound by measuring a standard sample, using an analyzer 10, 20. A target-sample measurer 45 acquires the intensities of the reference and compared compounds by measuring a target sample, using the analyzer. A reference-compound quantity determiner 46 determines a quantitative value of the reference compound in the target sample. A compared-compound quantity determiner 47 determines a quantitative value of the compared compound based on the quantity of the reference compound in the standard sample, intensity of the reference compound acquired by the standard-sample measurer, intensity of the compared compound acquired by the target-sample measurer, and relative response factor of the compared compound.

A thermal desorption tube for chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis. The thermal desorption tube includes a sorbent and a plurality of focusing agents loaded at known, relative amounts onto the sorbent. Each focusing agent is a compound that chromatographically elutes within a retention time similar to a retention time of a target analyte and has a mass spectrum similar to a mass spectrum of the target analyte. The thermal desorption tube is configured to be further loaded with a sample having the target analyte.

In a quantitative determination device 100 for brominated flame-retardant compounds, a storage section 41 holds a relative response factor 411 representing a relationship of a measured intensity of a compared compound to that of a reference compound selected from target compounds. A standard-sample measurer 43 acquires the intensity of the reference compound by measuring a standard sample, using an analyzer 10, 20. A target-sample measurer 45 acquires the intensities of the reference and compared compounds by measuring a target sample, using the analyzer. A reference-compound quantity determiner 46 determines a quantitative value of the reference compound in the target sample. A compared-compound quantity determiner 47 determines a quantitative value of the compared compound based on the quantity of the reference compound in the standard sample, intensity of the reference compound acquired by the standard-sample measurer, intensity of the compared compound acquired by the target-sample measurer, and relative response factor of the compared compound.

An analysis system includes a separation system that provides compounds to a sample cell of a spectrometric system. The system analyzes spectral information from the spectrometric system by optimizing retention windows for the compounds and identifies quantities of the compounds by comparing spectral information within and outside the respective retention windows.

An automated method of calibrating a chromatography system and analyzing a sample is described. The method includes forming diluted standard solutions that are injected into a chromatography column. The detected peaks can be identified based on a first predetermined calibration ratio associated with the standard solution. Once the chromatography system is calibrated, samples can be chromatographically analyzed where the measured peaks are identified and quantified in an automated manner.

A first chromatogram is obtained by analyzing a second standard sample by size exclusion chromatography analysis using a first detector. Also, a second chromatogram is obtained by analyzing a solvent for the second standard sample by size exclusion chromatography analysis using the first detector. Then, from the difference between the first chromatogram and the second chromatogram, a third elution time in size exclusion chromatography analysis of the second standard sample using the first detector is determined.

A liquid chromatography method for identifying an analyte of interest utilizing as retention index standards a homologous series of neutrally charged compounds having at least one functional group bearing a positive charge and at least one functional group bearing a negative charge. The method is especially useful for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods, more especially for LC-MS methods employing electrospray (ESI) or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) ionization systems.

A homologous series of neutrally charged compounds having at least one functional group bearing a positive charge and at least one functional group bearing a negative charge are advantageous retention index standards for liquid chromatography, especially for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods, more especially for LC-MS methods employing electrospray (ESI) or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) ionization systems.

The disclosure provides a method for extracting, separating, and identifying compounds from natural products, such as cannabis or hops, where separation uses gas chromatography (GC). The method includes spiking the composition to be identified with at least two markers that bracket the migration position of at least one of the compounds to be identified, where GC method uses more than one ramping step.

Described herein are systems and techniques for improving operation of a gas chromatograph or a computer that identifies compounds that correspond to peaks in a graph of gas chromatograph data (chromatogram). Each of the peaks included in the chromatogram may be associated with retention times that are measured amounts of time that correspond to how long it took for respective compounds included in a sample to move through the gas chromatograph. Measured retention times may be compared to standard retention times to identify retention time shifts. These retention times shifts may correspond to a function that may be used to predict retention times of other compounds that could be included in the sample. When a measured retention time that is associated with an unclassified peak in the chromatogram matches a predicted retention time of a specific compound to a threshold level, the unclassified peak may be identified the specific compound.