A portable apparatus to sample and analyze volatile organic compounds in breath air, includes: a box internally divided in two internal sections, each housing a sample collecting tube or filter in turn containing a stationary phase suitable for retaining determined analytes, as drugs and/or respective metabolites, having specific chemical physical properties, contained in breath air; a pre-accumulation chamber for receiving breath air from the outside through a breath entrance connection and for feeding the received breath air to the sample collecting filters housed in the two sections, with these two sample collecting filters being connected in parallel to the chamber; and a tool application kit for removing the two sample collecting filters from the respective sections in the box of the apparatus, in a way that avoids any contamination thereof, and for extracting the analytes that are retained by the stationary phase on the same two sample collecting filters.

A replaceable alcohol sensor module for use with a breathalyzer. The alcohol sensor module requiring calibration can be removed from the body of the breathalyzer and replaced with a new alcohol sensor module. The alcohol sensor module has at least an alcohol sensor and a circuitry mounted on a PCB that removable connects the replaceable alcohol sensor module to the breathalyzer. The circuitry transmits the signal and/or electrical current generated by the alcohol sensor to a processing unit of the breathalyzer for processing.

A user monitoring system includes an e-cigarette including a power source, and an electronic breath alcohol testing device for detecting alcohol detachable from the e-cigarette, in which when attached, the electronic breath alcohol testing device is operable to share at least part of an airflow path of the e-cigarette, and when attached, the electronic breath alcohol testing device is operable to share the power source of the e-cigarette.

A system and method of monitoring sobriety using a handheld breath testing device that, on receipt of a user's breath, generates a breath test signal comprising substance content data and user identification data, and wirelessly transmits the breath test signal to a breath test signal receiving station, and wherein the breath testing device further includes a fingerprint reader and a plurality of sensors.

A portable device for measuring the concentration of at least one component in a gas exhaled by a breath fluid, including a first chamber located upstream of a measuring vessel and including an inlet through which the exhaled breath fluid enters the first chamber, a second chamber located upstream of the measuring vessel, the second chamber including an inlet leading into the first chamber, an outlet in communication with the measuring vessel and through which some of the exhaled breath fluid passes, and an outlet leading to the ambient air, through which some of the exhaled breath fluid is expelled into the ambient air. Further, the second chamber is located inside or adjacent the first chamber and the outlet to the ambient air leads to the first chamber so some of the exhaled breath fluid enters the second chamber through the inlet of the second chamber.

In devices that determine levels of substance use, a substance level in a test sample provided to the testing device by a test subject is determined. A sequence of images are captured to include a portion of the face of the test subject providing the test sample and a display of the testing device. A value indicative of the substance level detected within the test sample is determined. A validity indicator indicating validity of the value indicative of the substance level is determined. A current location is determined. The value indicative of the substance level, the validity indicator, and the current location are sent to a remote server.

A multi-channel gas sensor comprising a gas cell (101, 601), a light source (110, 210, 310, 410, 510, 610), a first interference filter (150, 250, 350, 450, 550, 650), a first detection unit (120, 220, 320, 420, 520, 620) and a second detection unit (130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630). The light source (110, 210, 310, 410, 510, 610) is arranged to emit light radiation into the gas cell (101, 5 601). The first detection unit (120, 220, 320, 420, 520, 620) is arranged to detect light from the light source, that has propagated through at least a part of the gas cell (101, 601), and that has been transmitted through the first interference filter (150, 250, 350, 450, 550, 650). The second detection unit (130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630) is arranged to be illuminated by light from the light source that has been reflected in the first interference filter (150, 250, 350, 450, 10 550, 650) and then has propagated through the gas cell (101, 601) before illuminating the second detection unit and to detect at least a second wavelength portion of said light that has been reflected in the first interference filter.

A moisture detection element includes: an insulating substrate of an insulating material; an application part which is formed on the insulating substrate and to which a voltage is applied; an output part which is formed on the insulating substrate and configured to output a voltage signal corresponding in response to a current flowing through an electric path via water molecules adhering to a surface of the insulating substrate under the voltage applied to the application part; and a conductive film which is electrically insulated from the application part and the output part and is provided on the insulating substrate. An insulating film of an insulating material is provided on the application part, the output part, and the conductive film.

A wearable device may be provided for detecting cumulative alcohol consumption. Such a wearable device may include an adhesive layer that adheres to skin and that allows sweat from the skin to pass through and a customizable ink layer that reacts irreversibly to change color along a gradient as ethanol is detected in the sweat. The customizable ink continues to increase color intensity along the gradient as ethanol continues to be detected in the sweat over time.

The method for calculating concentration ratio includes: (a) heating a gas sensor element to a temperature at which both of two gas components introduced in a gas sensor element react, and maintaining the temperature for a predetermined period to measure an electrical resistance value of the gas sensor element; (b) heating the gas sensor element to a temperature at which only any of the two gas components reacts, and maintaining the temperature for a predetermined period to measure an electrical resistance value of the gas sensor element; and (c) calculating a concentration ratio of the two gas components based on a combination of the electrical resistance value in (a) and the electrical resistance value in (b).