A sensing device capable of detecting hardness includes a sensor array including a plurality of sensors, each of the plurality of sensors including a transmitter configured to emit a detection wave and a receiver configured to receive a reflected detection wave reflected by an object, the plurality of sensors arranged in a matrix form; and a controller configured to obtain image information and hardness information of each portion of the object from the reflected waves received by the plurality of sensors, and to form three-dimensional print data by mapping the image information and the hardness information.

A process for analyzing a fracture or crack surface of a TiAl turbomachine part is provided. The process includes: marking on the surface the position and the orientation of cleavage facets, so as to identify a region of fracture or crack initiation and to determine the direction of propagation of this fracture or crack; examining the surface and detecting the regions with the presence of equiaxed grains and/or lamellar grains, so as to evaluate the temperature at which the fracture or crack has taken place, and comparing the heat tintings of the surface with those of samples from a heat tinting color chart so as to evaluate the speed of propagation of the fracture or crack.

A method for determining material parameters includes applying a character grid over a planar sample, clamping the planar sample in a frame in accordance with directions of orthotropy of the planar sample; collecting a first set of data that describes a first position of the character grid; applying predetermined normal and shear stresses to the planar sample thereby bringing the planar sample into a deformed state and changing the position of the character grid; collecting a second set of data that describes a second position of the character grid, determining a relative position change of the character grid by correlating the collected first set of data and the second set of data; determining a relative displacement and a current distortion state of the planar sample; determining a deformation equilibrium of the deformed state of the planar sample; and calculating the material parameters from the deformation equilibrium.

A true stress testing system broadly comprising a force input machine, an imaging system, and a computer. The imaging system includes a light source for projecting a light beam at the specimen in a first direction and a camera positioned on an opposite side of the specimen for receiving portions of the light beam not blocked by the specimen such that a shadow image of the specimen is created via the camera. The computer may determine a minimum dimension of the specimen perpendicular to the first direction at a point in time over a plurality of points along the force axis via the shadow image of the specimen such that the processor accounts for changes in position of the minimum dimension along the specimen. A true stress of the specimen may then be determined according to the minimum dimension of the specimen perpendicular to the first direction at the point in time.

A new method for evaluating embrittlement of an amorphous alloy ribbon is provided. The method includes: pressing a pressurization member from one side to a plurality of positions of an amorphous alloy ribbon; scattering, in the amorphous alloy ribbon, pressurization portions where the pressurization member is pressed to form indentation; and evaluating embrittlement by the number or distribution of pressurization portions where cracks have occurred.

A bending apparatus for a sample is disclosed. The bending apparatus includes a translation mechanism that translates a vertical displacement/force into a horizontal displacement/force for bending. Components of the bending apparatus are fabricated from a strong, radiolucent material. In these ways, the bending apparatus is compatible with micro-CT imaging, and as such, may be used to bend a sample during imaging. In a particular application, the bending apparatus may be used to measure biomechanical properties of a bone, such as bone strength, bone material properties, fracture toughness, and fracture propagation.

To provide a fracture-visualization sensor capable of visualizing the fracture behavior of a composite material and a composite-material fracture-visualization system using the fracture-visualization sensor.

A first luminescent film including a mechanoluminescent material is provided on one surface of a composite material. The first luminescent film has a maximum stress per unit of cross-sectional area within the range of 19-43 N/mm.sup.2.

A hypergravity model test device for simulating a progressive failure of a shield tunnel face, including a model box, a shield tunnel model, a servo loading control system and a data acquisition system. The servo loading control system includes a servo motor, a planetary roller screw electric cylinder and a loading rod. The data acquisition system includes a displacement transducer, an axial force meter, a pore pressure transducer, an earth pressure transducer and an industrial camera. The servo loading control system is connected to an excavation plate through the loading rod to control the excavation plate to move back and forth along an axial direction of the shield tunnel model at a set speed to simulate failure of the shield tunnel face. A method for simulating a progressive failure of a shield tunnel face is also provided.

The present disclosure describes systems and methods to correct for perspective calibration variations of a variable thickness specimen with a single camera extensometer in a video extensometer system. In some examples, the systems and methods compensate for a change between a reference characteristic, such as a calibration plane, and an actual physical characteristic, such as a testing plane associated with a surface of a test specimen, during a testing operation. In some examples, a correction value is applied to an output (e.g., measured dimensions of the imaged test specimen) to compensate for the difference between the reference characteristic and the physical characteristic.

A strain measurement method includes disposing a 3D camera module at a first measurement position; using the 3D camera module to acquire a first 3D image of a to-be-measured object at a first to-be-measured position; acquiring a second 3D image of the to-be-measured object at the first to-be-measured position; and splicing the first and second 3D images to obtain an initial 3D image. The method still includes: moving the 3D camera module from the first measurement position to a second measurement position; using the 3D camera module to acquire a third 3D image of the to-be-measured object at a second to-be-measured position; acquiring a fourth 3D image of the to-be-measured object at the second to-be-measured position; and splicing the third and fourth 3D images to obtain a deformed 3D image. The method further includes comparing the initial 3D image and the deformed 3D image to output 3D deformation information.