Non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of portal hypertension. Advantageously, the markers allow to appropriately differentiate between the non-clinical and clinically significant portal hypertension, thus being possible a more precise management of the therapeutic protocols.

Described herein are methods of treating an immunotherapy-associated adverse event in a subject in need thereof comprising detecting a level of NKG2D receptor ligand polypeptide (and optionally IL-18) in a sample form the subject; and (b) administering either (1) a corticosteroid or (2) a TNF inhibitor or an integrin inhibitor to the subject.

The present disclosure relates to materials and methods for prognostic classification of multiple sclerosis patients. In particular, provided herein are biomarkers and methods of uses thereof for stratifying patients with multiple sclerosis. The methods described herein facilitate selection of an appropriate treatment for a subject.