A pathogen's resistance to immune surveillance is controlled using a controlled amount of Cytokine IL-10.

The present invention concerns the use of IL-10 as a biological marker for predicting the responsiveness of a house dust mite allergic patient to house dust mite allergen immunotherapy.

The present invention relates to a method for determining the potency of DCs, comprising the steps: stimulating dendritic cells by incubation with soluble CD40L and TLR7/8 agonist, measuring the secretion of the marker proteins IL-10 and IL-12 from the stimulated dendritic cells. Thereby it can be determined whether the dendritic cell have a high capability to activate T-cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells. The invention also encompasses a method for stimulating dendritic cells comprising the step of stimulating the dendritic cells with soluble CD40L and TLR7/8 agonist.

The application relates to the discovery of novel gene expression profiles and/or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and/or insertions or deletions of bases (INDEL) profiles that correlate with a subject's positive receptiveness to Interleukin 10 (IL-10) or IL-10 based agent treatments. The application also relates to methods of treating patients with an IL-10 or IL-10 based agent treatment by screening, examining, or determine patients possessing a gene expression profile and/or SNP and/or INDEL profile most receptive to the treatment.

The invention provides methods for treating pathological conditions associated with an undesirable inflammatory component. The invention is generally directed to reducing inflammation by administering cells that have one or more of the following effects in an injured subject: interact with splenocytes, preserve splenic mass, increase proliferation of CD4.sup.+ and CD8.sup.+ T-cells, increase IL-4 and IL-10, decrease IL-6 and IL-1, and increase M2:M1 macrophage ratio at the site of injury. The invention is also directed to drug discovery methods to screen for agents that modulate the ability of the cells to have these effects. The invention is also directed to cell banks that can be used to provide cells for administration to a subject, the banks comprising cells having desired potency for achieving these effects.

The present invention relates to a kit for detecting a subset of a human regulatory T cell, and a detection method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of cell subset detection. The present invention provides a kit which includes the following components: a blood dilution solution, a mononuclear cell isolation solution, a cell culture solution, a lymphocyte activation liquid, a dead-cell-removing dye, an FcR blocking agent, fluorescence-labeled antibodies against human cell-surface markers, fluorescence-labeled antibodies against human intracellular molecules, a PBS buffer, lipopolysaccharide, a washing buffer, a cell staining buffer, a cell fixing solution, and a membrane-permeable wash buffer. At the time of detection, firstly mononuclear cells are isolated from whole blood, secondly human peripheral blood mononuclear cells are stimulated, and finally the subsets of the regulatory T cells can be detected just by fluorescent antibody staining. Use of the kit and detection method of the present invention can identify 2-6 subsets of regulatory T cells quickly and easily.

Provided herein are methods of detecting cytokine signaling responsiveness in immune cells from a cancer subject and determining risk of relapse of cancer in a subject. The methods include isolating cells from a blood sample from the cancer subject thereby forming an isolated blood cell fraction that includes isolated blood sample cells, mixing the isolated blood sample cells with a cytokine, where the cytokine is selected from TGF, IL-10, IL-4 and IFN, and detecting the responsiveness of the isolated blood sample cells to the cytokine.

The invention relates to a method for the diagnosis and/or risk stratification of invasive fungal infections (IFI)/invasive fungal diseases (IFD) and in particular associated with sepsis or septic shock, wherein a determination of the marker proadrenomedullin (proADM) or a partial peptide or fragment thereof, in particular midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM), or contained in a marker combination (panel, cluster), is carried out from a patient to be examined. Furthermore, the invention relates to a diagnostic assay and a kit for carrying out the method.

The present invention relates to methods for detecting, assessing severity and treating multiple sclerosis. The inventors showed an impairment of the function of CD8+ Treg cells in MS patients and they demonstrated here that several criteria correlated with the disease severity i.e. the percentage of CD8.sup.+CD45RC.sup.intCD161.sup.lowValpha7.sup. T cells in the blood, the secretion of IFNg and IL10 and the suppressive activity of the CD8.sup.+CD45RC.sup.intCD161.sup.lowValpha7.sup. T cells. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for determining whether a subject has or is at risk of having multiple sclerosis comprising i) determining the percentage of CD8.sup.+CD45RC.sup.intCD161.sup.lowValpha7.sup. T cells in a biological sample obtained from the subject, ii) comparing the percentage determined at step i) with a predetermined reference value and iii) detecting differential in the percentage determined at step i) with the predetermined reference value indicates that the subject has or is at risk of having multiple sclerosis.

Disclosed herein are methods of identifying biomarkers (such as genes (e.g., RNA or mRNA), proteins, and/or small molecules) that can be used to predict organ or tissue function or dysfunction. In some embodiments, the methods include ex vivo perfusion of the organ or tissue, collection of samples from the organ or tissue (for example, perfusate, fluids produced by the organ (such as bile or urine), or tissue biopsies) and measuring the level of one or more biomarkers in the sample. It is also disclosed herein that an analysis of biomarkers (such as genes (e.g., RNA or mRNA), proteins, and/or small molecules) present in a biological sample from an organ, tissue, or subject can be used to identify whether the organ, tissue, or subject is at risk for (or has) organ dysfunction or organ failure.