The present invention provides a prophylactic agent, onset-suppressing agent, or therapeutic agent for progressive immune demyelinating diseases comprising, as an active ingredient, a substance capable of suppressing or inhibiting production of prolactin.

Disclosed are compositions comprising an interferon-alpha binding protein and combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART). In some aspects, the interferon-alpha binding protein is B18R. In some aspects, the compositions further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Disclosed are methods of treating a subject with HIV associated neurogenerative disorder (HAND) comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of B18R and cART. Disclosed are methods of reversing behavioral abnormalities in subjects having HAND comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of B18R.

Provided herein is a method for measuring the levels of chronic inflammaging (SCI) of a subject. In some embodiments, the method may comprise measuring the amount of two or more of the proteins CXCL9, TRAIL, IFNG, EOTAXIN and GROA in a sample (e.g., blood serum) from the subject calculating a score based on the weighted amounts of each of those proteins.

The present disclosure is directed to novel biomarkers useful for staging EHV-1 infections and immunity status of horses. This disclosure is further directed to methods of determining EHV-1 infection stage and immunity status of horses using the novel biomarkers.

Disclosed herein are methods of identifying biomarkers (such as genes (e.g., RNA or mRNA), proteins, and/or small molecules) that can be used to predict organ or tissue function or dysfunction. In some embodiments, the methods include ex vivo perfusion of the organ or tissue, collection of samples from the organ or tissue (for example, perfusate, fluids produced by the organ (such as bile or urine), or tissue biopsies) and measuring the level of one or more biomarkers in the sample. It is also disclosed herein that an analysis of biomarkers (such as genes (e.g., RNA or mRNA), proteins, and/or small molecules) present in a biological sample from an organ, tissue, or subject can be used to identify whether the organ, tissue, or subject is at risk for (or has) organ dysfunction or organ failure.

The present invention relates to methods for determining suitable doses for administration of immunotherapeutic compounds, whose effectiveness and toxicity can vary at the same dose between individuals due to natural variations within individual subjects, such as variations in the reaction of the immune system in response to administration of such immunotherapeutic compounds.

Disclosed are methods for identifying immunogenic peptides, and tools and/or reagents to be used in those methods. More specifically, the invention relates to combinatorial peptide library screening for synthetic antigenic peptides recognized by natural T-cell receptors.

The present invention provides a prophylactic agent, onset-suppressing agent, or therapeutic agent for progressive immune demyelinating diseases comprising, as an active ingredient, a substance capable of suppressing or inhibiting production of prolactin.

Provided are novel IFB-a binding molecules of human origin, particularly human-derived anti-IFN-? antibodies as well as IFN-? binding fragments, derivatives and variants thereof. In addition, pharmaceutical compositions, kits, and methods for use in diagnosis and therapy are described.

The present invention relates to the biomarkers for predicting the clinical response to anti-LPS immunoglobulin treatments in patients in need thereof. In particular, the invention provides methods for predicting the clinical response to an anti-LPS immunoglobulin treatment in a patient in need thereof, said method comprising the steps of evaluating the expression of a predictive biomarker selected from the group consisting of CD14, CD68, TLR4, TLR7, IL6, IL8, IL10, IFN-alpha, IGF1, CXCL1, CXCL9, CXCL10, RAGE, GDNF, BCHE, and combination thereof, in said patient.