A method for determining the direction of travel of a vehicle comprises providing a first sensor for measuring a longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle and at least one second sensor for establishing the rotational movement of a wheel of the vehicle, An acceleration signal containing acceleration information from the first sensor is received by the system. The acceleration signal is filtered resulting in a modified acceleration signal. The direction of travel of the vehicle is determined based on the modified acceleration signal and based on the output signal of the second sensor.

A method for determining the direction of travel of a vehicle comprises providing a first sensor for measuring a longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle and at least one second sensor for establishing the rotational movement of a wheel of the vehicle, An acceleration signal containing acceleration information from the first sensor is received by the system. The acceleration signal is filtered resulting in a modified acceleration signal. The direction of travel of the vehicle is determined based on the modified acceleration signal and based on the output signal of the second sensor.

A component is provided for a human-powered vehicle. The component includes a component body, a strain gauge provided on the component body, a signal processing unit electrically connected to the strain gauge, a signal output that outputs a signal from the signal processing unit, and an electric power input electrically connected to the signal processing unit and supplied with electric power from a power supply provided on at least one of the human-powered vehicle and the component body. The strain gauge includes a substrate and a resistor provided on the substrate. The resistor is formed by a metal layer having a thickness of 0.01 micrometers or greater and 1 micrometer or less.

A component is provided for a human-powered vehicle. The component includes a component body, a strain gauge provided on the component body, a signal processing unit electrically connected to the strain gauge, a signal output that outputs a signal from the signal processing unit, and an electric power input electrically connected to the signal processing unit and supplied with electric power from a power supply provided on at least one of the human-powered vehicle and the component body. The strain gauge includes a substrate and a resistor provided on the substrate. The resistor is formed by a metal layer having a thickness of 0.01 micrometers or greater and 1 micrometer or less.

An anti-lock sensor ring may have a flattened exciting portion having a retention mechanism projecting from a ring radial edge. The retention mechanism may have cantilever spring retention clips elastically deformable to snap on a disc brake band retention seat. The mechanism may also have a cantilever support portion disposed side by side to and spaced apart from the cantilever spring retention clips. Each of the cantilever spring retention clips may have a retention surface and the cantilever support portion with a support surface. When the anti-lock sensor ring is dismounted from a disc brake band, the plane defined by the retention surface and the plane defined by the support surface are facing each other in order to create opposing gripping elements.

A method of sensing wheel rotation can include: sensing magnetic force information in an environment of a wheel by a magnetometer to obtain measured magnetic force information; generating relative magnetic force information by performing mathematical operation processing in accordance with the measured magnetic force information, where the relative magnetic force information does not change with geomagnetic field and does change with a rotation angle of a wheel; and obtaining angle information related to the rotation angle of the wheel in accordance with the relative magnetic force information.

An apparatus for controlling an MDPS may include: a filtering unit configured to filter a specific frequency from a first current steering angle provided from a steering angle sensor; a command steering angle control unit configured to remove noise of a first command steering angle inputted from an autonomous driving system, and output a second command steering angle; a steering angle position control unit configured to compensate for a first steering angle error corresponding to the difference between the second command steering angle and the first current steering angle filtered by the filtering unit, and output a first command current; and a responsiveness improvement unit configured to compensate for a second steering angle error corresponding to the difference between the second command steering angle and a second current steering angle provided from a motor, and apply the compensation result value to the steering angle position control unit.

An apparatus for controlling an MDPS may include: a filtering unit configured to filter a specific frequency from a first current steering angle provided from a steering angle sensor; a command steering angle control unit configured to remove noise of a first command steering angle inputted from an autonomous driving system, and output a second command steering angle; a steering angle position control unit configured to compensate for a first steering angle error corresponding to the difference between the second command steering angle and the first current steering angle filtered by the filtering unit, and output a first command current; and a responsiveness improvement unit configured to compensate for a second steering angle error corresponding to the difference between the second command steering angle and a second current steering angle provided from a motor, and apply the compensation result value to the steering angle position control unit.

A failure determination device determines whether any failure occurs in a rotating body including a shaft rotatable by received power and a support mechanism supporting the shaft rotatably. In detail, the failure determination device includes a rate generator, a frequency calculator, and a determiner. The rate generator outputs a sensor signal of which a frequency varies depending on a rotational speed of the shaft. The frequency calculator calculates a frequency of the sensor signal. The determiner determines whether any failure occurs in the rotating body from the frequency calculated by the frequency calculator.

A failure determination device determines whether any failure occurs in a rotating body including a shaft rotatable by received power and a support mechanism supporting the shaft rotatably. In detail, the failure determination device includes a rate generator, a frequency calculator, and a determiner. The rate generator outputs a sensor signal of which a frequency varies depending on a rotational speed of the shaft. The frequency calculator calculates a frequency of the sensor signal. The determiner determines whether any failure occurs in the rotating body from the frequency calculated by the frequency calculator.