System and methods for highly integrated optical readout MEMS sensors are provided. In one embodiment, a method for an integrated waveguide optical-pickoff sensor comprises: launching a laser beam generated by a laser light source into an integrated waveguide optical-pickoff monolithically fabricated within a first substrate, the integrated waveguide optical-pickoff including an optical input port, a coupling port, and an optical output port; and detecting an amount of coupling of the laser beam from the coupling port to a sensor component separated from the coupling port by a gap by measuring an attenuation of the laser beam at the optical output port.

A microelectromechanical device structure comprises a supporting structure wafer. A cavity electrode is formed within a cavity in the supporting structure wafer. The cavity electrode forms a protruding structure from a base of the cavity towards the functional layer, and the cavity electrode is connected to a defined electrical potential. The cavity electrode comprises a silicon column within the cavity in the supporting structure wafer, which is partially or entirely surrounded by a cavity. One or more cavity electrodes may be utilized for adjusting a frequency of an oscillation occurring within the functional layer.

The present invention discloses a MEMS device. The MEMS device includes a substrate, a proof mass, a frame spring and an anchor. The proof mass is connected to the substrate through the frame spring and the anchor. The proof mass includes a proof mass body, a proof mass frame surrounding the proof mass body, a linking element connecting the proof mass body to the proof mass frame, and a stopper between the proof mass body and the proof mass frame in a displacement direction to limit the displacement of the proof mass body. The stopper is connected to the proof mass frame as a part of the proof mass and contributes to the mass quantity of the proof mass.