The purpose of the present invention is to provide a small electromagnetic wave detection apparatus. This electromagnetic wave detection apparatus has: a planar Luneburg lens, which is covered with metal plates facing each other, and which changes the output direction of electromagnetic waves corresponding to the input direction of the electromagnetic waves; and an electric field sensor electrically connected to the metal plates. The electric field sensor detects the electromagnetic waves outputted from the Luneburg lens, and outputs a detection signal having an intensity corresponding to the direction in which the electromagnetic waves have traveled thereto, and the level of the energy of the electromagnetic waves thus detected.

Methods and systems are described for use in determination of the presence, type (static or AC), direction, and/or strength of an electric field. Methods include examination of a gaseous sample to determine the presence of perturbation effects brought about by dielectrophoretic forces acting on components of the gaseous sample, and thereby, to identify the presence of an electric field. Examination of a gaseous sample can include Raman spectroscopy. A gaseous sample can be analyzed to determine the presence of molecular polarization due to an induced dipole on a polarizable molecule.

An electric field sensor which measures an electric field generated by a target utilizing an electro-optic effect, the electric field sensor including a light source, an electro-optic crystal on which light in a predetermined polarization state emitted from the light source is incident and which is subjected to the electric field generated by the target, a reference electric field applicator configured to apply an electric field based on a reference signal with a known signal level to the electro-optic crystal, a light receiver configured to receive light emitted from the electro-optic crystal and to convert the received light into an electric signal, and a separation corrector configured to separate the electric signal into a measurement signal based on the electric field generated by the target and the reference signal and to correct a signal level of the measurement signal on the basis of the signal level of the separated reference signal.

A probe for measuring an electrical field includes at least three antennas, each antenna being adapted to receive a RF signal. The at least three antennas are arranged in accordance with three axes oriented perpendicularly to each other. A detection circuit is provided for each antenna, connected to the corresponding antenna for detecting an RF signal. A processing circuit is operationally connected to an output of each detection circuit for processing the detected signals and outputting a measurement result. A measurement correction mechanism is provided for correcting the measurement result based on a frequency of said electrical field and an angular position of the probe relative to said electrical field.

Offshore electromagnetic (EM) reservoir monitoring systems and methods, including a system with a light source producing a light beam and an EM sensor array deployed at the bottom of a body of water and above one or more subsea regions of interest, the array coupled to the light source with an optical fiber. An EM sensor modulates the interrogation light beam in response to an EM signal induced into the subsea formation by an EM source. The system further includes a processor controlling the light source, processing modulated light received from the array, and collecting data with the array to produce EM surveys, each EM survey based on data sets collected at different times. The EM sensor is physically isolated from a surrounding subsea environment. The surveys are combined to produce a time lapse earth model of the regions of interest.

This disclosure is directed to fiber optic pulsed polarimeters based on either streak camera or photodiode detection using a backscatter tailored optical fiber and the polarization optical time domain reflectometry technique for conducting remote diagnostic measurements of inducing fields along the fiber. The backscatter tailored optical fiber comprises a single mode fiber with an array of fiber Bragg gratings written to produce a predetermined distribution of backscatter signal in intensity and spectral content in response to a pulse propagating along the array. The fiber optic pulsed polarimeter includes a directional coupler that diverts the backscatter from the backscatter-tailored optical fiber to a polarization detection system for determining the polarization state of the backscatter as the polarized light pulse transits the backscatter-tailored optical fiber.

A fully distributed magnetic adsorption multi-parameter sensing cable, which is configured to be installed on the wall of a metal pipeline, includes an outer sheath, a sensing component arranged in the outer sheath, and a fully distributed magnetic adsorption reinforcement (FDMAR) arranged in the outer sheath and on a peripheral side of the sensing component. The outer sheath is attached to the wall of the metal pipeline by the FDMAR. A magnetic adsorption force between the FDMAR and the wall of the metal pipeline is able to be adjusted by changing the size of the FDMAR and the distance between the FDMAR reinforcement and the wall of the metal pipeline. The fully distributed magnetic adsorption multi-parameter sensing cable has the advantages of good adsorption effect and high sensitivity.

In a general aspect, a system is disclosed for sensing radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation. The system includes a receiver formed of dielectric material. The receiver includes a photonic crystal structure having an elongated slot disposed therein. The receiver also includes an antenna structure extending from the photonic crystal structure and configured to couple to a target RF electromagnetic radiation having a frequency in a range from 100 MHz-1 THz. A vapor or source of the vapor in the elongated slot. The system also includes a laser system configured to provide input optical signals to the elongated slot that interact with one or more electronic transitions of the vapor. The system additionally includes an optical detection system configured to detect the target RF electromagnetic radiation based on output optical signals from the elongated slot.

A measurement probe that measures a change in an optical signal caused by electro-optic effect according to an electromagnetic wave, and measures spatial distribution characteristics of the electromagnetic wave, based on differential values detected while the measurement probe and the electromagnetic wave move relative to each other. The measurement probe includes a first measurement device having a sensor structure including an electro-optic crystal that exhibits the electro-optic effect, an optical fiber that is provided on a root side of the electro-optic crystal and transmits the optical signal, and a reflection device that is provided on a tip end side of the electro-optic crystal and reflects the optical signal, and a second measurement device having the sensor structure. In first and second directions perpendicular to a fiber axis direction, a size of the electro-optic crystal is set to one third or less of a wavelength of the target electromagnetic wave.

An object of the present invention is to provide a microwave-optic conversion system of quantum signals employing a 3-dimensional microwave resonator and a crystal oscillator, which enables microwave-optic conversion employing a microwave resonator and a widely commercialized crystal oscillator which may be manufactured by simple machine processing.

In order to achieve the object, the microwave-optic conversion system of quantum signals employing a 3-dimensional microwave resonator and a crystal oscillator includes: a microwave resonator including a hollow body made of metal, and a penetration hole formed on a front surface of the hollow body; and a crystal oscillator positioned inside the hollow body.